Record Details

STUDIES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS RELATED TO DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum.L)

KrishiKosh

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title STUDIES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS RELATED TO DROUGHT RESISTANCE IN SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum.L)
 
Creator VIJAY KUMAR, MEDE
 
Contributor SIVASANKAR, A
 
Subject irrigation, planting, sugarcane, yields, weather hazards, biological development, vegetative propagation, crops, genotypes, diseases
Saccharum officinarum.L
 
Description Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Basantapur,
Medak District during 2008-2009 and 2009- 2010 to study the influence of water stress
during formative phase (60 to 150 days) in on various morpho-physiological, biochemical,
cane yield, sugar and sucrose content in ten sugarcane genotypes. The experiments were
laid out in strip plot design with 20 treatments and three replications.
The morphological parameters, viz., shoot population, plant height, length and girth
of internodes were significantly reduced with imposed moisture stress in all genotypes
compared to control ( normal irrigation ). Significant reduction was observed in
physiological characters pertaining to leaf viz., growth in terms of leaf unfurling, number
of leaves, leaf area during both years in all genotypes in the moisture stress treatment.
Among various growth parameters, canopy structure in terms of LAI was found to be
significantly influenced by treatments wherein moisture stress resulted in lowering of LAI
values significantly during both years. Among genotypes tested 97 R 401 and 98 R 278
exhibited greater reductions in LAI as well as dry matter production during stress and
recorded more vegetative growth at harvest, indicative of poor efficiency of partitioning.
Photosynthesis related traits such as SCMR , photosynthetic rate ( Pn ), stomatal
conductance (gs) and transpiration rates ( E ), Photochemical efficiency ( Fv/Fm ratio )
were significantly affected by moisture stress treatment. Genotypes differed significantly.
Among genotypes tested Co 86032 , Co 99004 and Co 94012 exhibited significantly less
reduction with respect to all the above parameters with moisture stress imposed during
formative phase. Significant positive relationship was observed between Pn and gs, Pn and
E as well as E and gs. Calculated values of intrinsic WUE ( Pn/gs ) and extrinsic WUE (
Pn/E ) varied among genotypes tested wherein the limited moisture availability exerted a
strong influence on the latter which decreased with water stress compared to control.
Among genotypes Co 86032 and Co 99004 exhibited less reduction in extrinsic WUE (
Pn/E ) values under imposed water stress conditions compared to control.
Carbon isotope discrimination (CID) is a potential surrogate trait for measuring
water use efficiency of a genotype and is generally expressed in parts per mil (‰). Strong
negative relation between CID and WUE was established under moisture stress conditions
could be used to identify genotypes with high WUE.
CID studied in the present study was also significantly influenced by moisture,
varieties and their interaction. Among the main treatments, irrigated treatment showed
significantly lower CID values compared to moisture stress which has further established
that due to moisture stress WUE was significantly affected in sugarcane clones. The
varieties Co 86032, Co 99004 and 85R 186 recorded significantly lower CID values both
under irrigated and moisture stress conditions. Hence these clones are considered to be
high WUE types compared to all other clones, which maintained with low CID values
specially under moisture stress conditions. They suggest that variation in photosynthetic
capacity/unit leaf area could be largely responsible for genotypic variation in CID.
Among various biochemical parameters, contents of proline, nitrogen , sucrose in
canes were found to be significantly affected by moisture stress and varied with genotypes
in both years. The values were consistently lower with moisture stress in all genotypes
where such reductions were of lesser magnitude in Co 99004 and Co 86032 compared to
susceptible genotypes. In contrast, the genotypes viz., 97 R 401 , 97 R 278 and Co 94008
exhibited more reductions during experimental studies.
There are many below ground constraints on crop growth specially under moisture
stress conditions in commercial sugarcane production. An important function of plant
root system is to absorb water from the soil and transport to the shoot. Hence, the
efficiency of soil water uptake by root system is key factor in determining the balance
between translocation and shoot water status. The root volume, root spread and
distribution, root length and shoot root ratio are prime factors concerned under moisture
stress to extract material for its growth. Deeper rooting reduces the vulnerability of crops
to the soil water deficit by providing increased capacity for uptake of deeper zones,
drought tolerant cultivars have a tendency to develop deep root system as like the variety
85 R 186
.
Yield in sugarcane is reported to be as sensitive soil water stress, resulted in
decreased cane yield. The water stress reduces cane yield more in the susceptible
genotypes, but the reduction in yield due to water stress was greater in 97 R 401. The
high yielding genotypes undergo greater per cent reduction in cane yield when stressed.
The low potential genotypes were the most tolerant to water stress, because their yield
reduction from non stress to stress was minimal. The yield reduction was carried from
formative stage of crop growth mainly affecting the yield attributes., viz. height, girth and
weight were decreased due to stress and the decrease was less in a resistant variety,. More
reduction in stalk girth due to stress affecting the cell elongation characteristics in the
sensitive genotype. Under moisture stress condition the highest yield was recorded for Co
86032 and Co 99004.
Thus, the observed growth of sugarcane was associated with better root growth
supporting canopy development and photosynthesis under moisture stress while better
photosynthetic performance was observed to be dependent on traits such as SCMR,
Photochemicial efficiency, WUE. Further, biochemical traits such as proline , nitrogen and
sucrose contents have a strong association with cane and sugar yield in sugarcane
genotypes. Based on all the parameters, it can be concluded that sugarcane genotypes viz.,
Co 99004 , Co 86032 and Co 94012 could be categorized as “ drought tolerant ” while the
genotypes 97 R 401, 98 R 278 and Co 94008 could be referred to as “drought susceptible”.
 
Date 2016-06-09T10:35:49Z
2016-06-09T10:35:49Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67069
 
Language en
 
Relation D9095;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G.RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERISTY