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Pathology Of Newcastle Disease Virus And Its Interaction With Mycotoxins In Layer-Type Chicken

KrishiKosh

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Title Pathology Of Newcastle Disease Virus And Its Interaction With Mycotoxins In Layer-Type Chicken
 
Creator Gounalan, S
 
Contributor Balachandran, C
Manohar, B. Murali
Chandran, N. Daniel Joy
Raj, G. Dhinakar
 
Subject Layer chicken
Aflatoxin
Ochratoxin
T-2 toxin
Effect on growth
Haematology
Serum biochemistry
Pathology
Immunity
Immunity
NDV
Interaction
Pathology of immune organs
 
Description Considering the paucity of information, the present work was carried out to
evaluate the individual toxicopathological effects of aflatoxin (AF), ochratoxin (OA)
and T-2 toxin and their interactions with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in layer
chicken.
Experimental mycotoxicoses were induced by feeding diets containing AF
(0.5 ppm), OA (0.5 ppm) and T-2 toxin (0.5 ppm) individually from 0 to 12 weeks
of age. There was no mortality in the mycotoxin fed birds. Birds were sacrificed
from each group at 4 th , 8 th and 12 th week of age. Anaemia, hypoproteinaemia,
hypoalbuminaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypocholesterolaemia,
hypertriglyceridaemia, increase in VLDL, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, BUN, creatinine
and uric acid and decrease in HDL and LDL were noticed in the mycotoxin fed
birds. Grossly,
yellow
discoloured livers
in
AF group
was
observed.
Microscopically, hepatic degeneration, biliary hyperplasia, renal tubular epithelial
cell degeneration and necrosis, epithelial hyperplasia and keratinization in the crop
mucosa, proventriculitis accompanied by epithelial hyperplasia or shortened villi,
ventricular glandular fibrosis and catarrhal enteritis were observed in mycotoxin fed
birds. Bursa of Fabricius, spleen, thymus and caecal tonsils showed lymphoid
depletion and lymphocytolysis and plasma cell depletion in Harderian gland was
evident in the mycotoxin fed birds. The HI titres to NDV and stimulation index of
splenocytes to concavalin A decreased significantly in the mycotoxin treated groups.
Feeding AF (0.5 ppm), OA (0.5 ppm) and T-2 toxin (0.5 ppm) for 36h in 12 weeks
old layer chicks resulted in significant induction of apoptosis and necrosis in the
spleen of AF and OA groups and thymus of all mycotoxin fed groups. Thus the
study revealed the potential of AF, OA and T-2 toxin in affecting the health of layer
chicks at 0.5 ppm level.
For NDV interaction studies, experimental mycotoxicoses were induced by
feeding diets containing AF (0.1 ppm), OA (0.25 ppm) and T-2 toxin (0.5 ppm)
individually from 0 to 14 weeks of age in layer chicks. The birds were vaccinated
with
NDV-F,
NDV
LaSota
and
NDV-K at 7 th , 28 th and 56 th day of age and challenged with velogenic NDV three
weeks after each vaccination. The HI titres to NDV decreased significantly in the
vaccinated mycotoxin fed groups and decreased to nil in the unvaccinated control
and mycotoxin fed groups. Cent percent mortality was encountered in the
unvaccinated groups and 33 to 66 percent in the vaccinated mycotoxin fed groups.
Grossly, haemorrhages around proventricular papillae and petechiae in the caecal
tonsils were noticed in the dead birds. Lymphoid depletion and lymphocytolysis
were observed in the bursa, spleen, thymus and caecal tonsils with plasma cell
depletion in the Harderian gland of NDV challenged birds. These toxins caused
decrease in humoral and cell mediated immunity and mortality in the NDV
vaccinated birds.
 
Date 2016-05-27T13:50:25Z
2016-05-27T13:50:25Z
2005
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66381
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University