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PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO WATER IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

KrishiKosh

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Title PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO WATER IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
 
Creator JYOTHIRAMAI RANI, A
 
Contributor Hema Kumar, Er. H.V
 
Subject Performance, Assessment, Irrigation, System, Relation, Crop, Yield, Response, Water, Krishna, Western, Delta, Remote, Sensing, GIS
 
Description Performance assessment of irrigation commands is an important element in the process of
the corrective measures being decided to retrospect the performance of any irrigation command
towards improved irrigation water management. This is being attempted generally through
conventional methods of data collection (on crop areas, water releases, etc.) from the field based
mechanisms. Many times, these methods do not fully supplement the needs of data requirement
of spatial nature. Hence, the recent advancement of Spatial Information Technologies viz.
Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems
(GPS) can be made use for deriving the spatial inputs required for performance evaluation of
irrigation system. Satellite data in conjunction with field data offers an excellent alternative to
conventional non spatial approach. Evaluation of performance of irrigation command internally
within the command will facilitate the diagnosis of the causative factors in case of lower
performance and helps to intervene for improving the water management.
The present study is focused on the performance of Krishna Western Delta during the Rabi
season 2005-06 and integrates the results with performance assessment done for kharif 2005-06 to
estimate the overall performance of KWD through the year. This was done by estimating the various
irrigation performance indicators such as spatial cropping pattern analysis from satellite data, and other
water /crop related indices through the integration of information from satellite derived outputs and field
collected water releases.
Satellite data analysis indicates that the total irrigated crop area during Rabi 2005-06 is
1,40,864 ha. Total crop area is reduced by 50,060 ha when compared with Kharif 05-06. This could be
mainly due to the lesser availability of water during Rabi. The major crop in the KWD is found to be
paddy which is 88% total crop area during Rabi 2005-06. The rest of the area is occupied by annual crops
viz. sugarcane, banana, turmeric, etc which accounted to 12%.
Detailed cropping pattern analysis at disaggregated level for all the five main canals has been
done. The major observation i.e. made from these studies is that there were more late sowings of paddy.
This is because of the water releasing pattern to localized commands.Though the KWD command area is
divided into five Irrigation commands where in water deliveries at the off take at head are measured.
Satellite remote sensing analysis indicates that there is not much change in the cropping pattern.
Various performance indicators estimated from satellite data analysis, canal flow data, cropping
pattern analysis to assess the irrigation performance of KWD. Details of each parameter was discussed in
this study. Irrigation intensity which is the per cent of the total cropped area to CCA is one of the
measures of irrigation performance to understand the crop growth scenario in the irrigation command. In
case of KWD, satellite derived cropping pattern indicate that irrigation intensity is estimated to be 63% in
Rabi 05-06 which is 22% lesser than kharif 05-06. This could be due to the reduction in crop area during
Rabi in every command.
Overall Consumed Ratio (efficiency) is estimated using the Potential evapotranspiration,
Effective rainfall and the amount of water delivered into canal; The results indicate that efficiency is
190% and 56% (without considering application and conveyance losses) in general during Rabi 05-06 and
kharif 05-06 respectively. Water drawls are less in Rabi 05-06 than kharif 05-06 which might be causing
to more over all consumed ratio during Rabi.
Depth of water applied i.e. Delta is an important irrigation performance parameter which is
required to understand the uniformity of water application. In this study, it is observed that the depth of
water applied for KWD is 0.40m and 0.52m respectively during Rabi05-06 and Kharif 05-06. There is
significant difference in the depth of water applied. This is reflected in water drawls delivered in both the
seasons. (568.31 MCu.M and 972 MCu.M in Rabi 05-06 and Kharif 05-06 respectively).
Uniformity of water application indicates the comparison of irrigation service in to various
irrigation units. It is estimated based on the average depth of the water applied at KWD level in a year to
depth of water applied to each individual canal command. In this study, Uniformity index was calculated
and it is observed that in Rabi 05-06, the Uniformity Index is 0.20 to 1.30 where as during Kharif 05-06
it is 0.61 to 1.42, and for the whole year, it varied from 0.20 to 1.42 because water drawls are much less
during Rabi 05-06 and varied significantly across the command areas of KWD.
In the present study, various performance indicators useful for the irrigation performance
assessment of Krishna Western delta has been estimated using satellite data and flow information, the
analysis was carried out at KWD level as well as at disaggregated level for five major canal command
boundaries. This study is found to be useful for analyzing the performance of the commands in terms of
water distribution, water deliveries and crop acreages etc. through the year covering Kharif and Rabi
seasons of 2005-06.
The crop condition is determined based on the NDVI ranges. In general they are categorized as
very good (>0.5), good (0.4-0.5) and average crop condition (0.5 (which is supposed to have
reached if it is a heading stage) in the regions of early paddy, mid paddy and late paddy in the command
are around 50% only. If the regression between NDVI and paddy yield were tried, then it may not be
logical since entire area is not in peak stage which may result in lower yield estimates. So paddy yield is
not estimated through Remote sensing Techniques. Hence crop condition in KWD is assessed only
qualitatively.
 
Date 2016-07-30T15:22:05Z
2016-07-30T15:22:05Z
2008
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/70339
 
Language en
 
Relation D8352;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD