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Common and distinguishing characteristics of genes and genomes and their evolution in the genome sequenced legumes

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Title Common and distinguishing characteristics of genes and genomes and their evolution in the genome sequenced legumes
 
Creator Kumar, Sushil
Kumari, Renu
Sharma, Vishakha
Yadav, Gitanjali
 
Subject Allotetraploidy
Gene Evolution
Genome Evolution
Genome Properties
Legume Crops
Leguminoseae Genomes
Leguminous Model Plants
Primary Sequence
Rhizobial Root Nodulation
Sequence Rearrangements
Tandem Duplication
 
Description Accepted date: 22 April 2013
By March 2013, genome sequences have been published for five legume species- Cicer arietinum (pulse crop chickpea),
Cajanus cajan (pulse crop pigeonpea), Glycine max (pulse-cum-oil seed crop soybean), Lotus japonicus and Medicago
truncatula (both model plants). The genome sequenced legumes belong to the subfamily papilionoideae of the angiosperm
family leguminoseae, C. arietinum, L. japonicus and M. truncatula to the galegoid clade and C. cajan and G. max to
millettioid clade. These diploid species have 2n number varying from 12 in L. japonicus, 16 in M. truncatula and C.
arietinum, 22 in C. cajan and 40 in G. max. Comparisons among their genome sequences have revealed several important
properties about structure and evolution of their genomes. Thirty five to 60% of genome is in the form of repititive
elements, mainly transposons. Genome carries less than 50,000 protein-coding genes, 56 to 87% in two or more copies.
All the five species arose from a common pre-papilionoid parent produced by inter-species hybridization accompanied by
whole genome duplication (WGD or allotetraploidy) about 58 million years ago (Mya). Separation of clades and speciation
occurred via sequence changes, over a period of > 40 million years. Individual genes underwent substitution and frameshift
mutations. Chromosomal level rearrangements involved deletions, inversions, translocations, fission and fusions. There
was spread of individual genes or blocks of genes followed by their tandem duplication. Deletion of orthologues was also
involved in lineage specific changes. Ancestors of Glycine underwent an allotetraploid event after separation of C. cajan
in the millettioid clade about 13 Mya. Developments relating to the applications of legume genome sequence knowledge
are also discussed.
Grateful thanks are due to the Indian National Science
Academy, New Delhi for grant of a scientistship
scheme to the first author (SK). Thanks are also due
to the Director, National Institute of Plant Genome
Research for a post-PhD fellowship to the second
author (RK).
 
Date 2015-11-05T11:45:47Z
2015-11-05T11:45:47Z
2013
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Proc. Ind. Natl. Sci. Acad., 79(2): 277-286
0370-0046
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/334
http://insa.nic.in/UI/Journalarticle.aspx?jid=NA==&&VID=OQ==&&IsNm=SXNzdWUgMg==
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Indian National Science Academy