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Structural and biochemical perspectives in plant isoprenoid biosynthesis

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Title Structural and biochemical perspectives in plant isoprenoid biosynthesis
 
Creator Kumari, Sangita
Priya, Piyush
Misra, Gopal
Yadav, Gitanjali
 
Subject Diterpene cyclases
Isoprenoid diversity
Mevalonate pathway
Non-mevalonate pathway
Prenyl transferases
 
Description Accepted date: 22 March 2013
The isoprenoid family represents one of the most ancient and widespread classes of structurally and functionally rich biomolecules known to man. Although these natural products are synthesized in all organisms, the plant kingdom exhibits tremendous variation in their chemistry and roles, ranging from primary metabolism to secondary metabolism and specialized ecological interactions with the environment. Despite enormous diversity in structure and function, all isoprenoids are derived from the universal C5 precursor isoprene. The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway has three major stages, viz., (1) synthesis of the isoprene building blocks, followed by their (2) assembly into flexible linear and branched hydrocarbon substrates, which then undergo (3) multistep reaction cascades to generate the vast assortment of isoprenoid end products. One of the most interesting aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis is its being finely tuned by a multilayered and complex regulatory network, which excellently controls the machinery producing one of the most heterogeneous groups of molecules in plants. Terpene synthases, enzymes of the final stage, are key players in the generation of isoprenoid diversity, catalyzing one of the most complex reactions known to chemistry and biology. Unraveling the mechanism by which a minimal pool of substrates is thus converted into tens of thousands of regiospecific and stereospecific products, is a promising research avenue: This knowledge may be practically used for rational design of novel compounds by metabolic engineering, in order to yield plants with improved nutritional efficacy, stress resistance, bio-pharmaceutical properties etc. This review is an attempt to summarize the biochemical, molecular, physiological, structural, genomic and evolutionary aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis, providing new insights into how these enzymes utilize various innovative strategies for creation of the so-called final terpenome.
Authors’ thanks are due to Director NIPGR
for encouragement, the Innovative Young Biotechnologist Award
(IYBA) grant to GY for financial support, the Biotechnology
Information System Network (BTISNET) program of Department
of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt of India, for computational
resources, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR) for Senior Research Fellowship (SRF) to SK and PP, the
DBT for SRF to GM
 
Date 2015-11-06T11:31:30Z
2015-11-06T11:31:30Z
2013
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Phytochemistry Reviews, 12(2): 255-291
1568-7767
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/339
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11101-013-9284-6
10.1007/s11101-013-9284-6
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Springer