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An overview of wheat genome sequencing and its implications for crop improvement

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Title An overview of wheat genome sequencing and its implications for crop improvement
 
Creator Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan
Prasad, Manoj
 
Subject genetic engineering
marker-assisted breeding
next-generation sequencing
wheat
whole genome sequence
SNP
miRNA
 
Description Accepted date: 30 July 2014
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) serves as the staple food for
30% of the global population and is a rich source of proteins,
minerals and other essential nutrients. But global warming
is posing a serious threat to wheat productivity worldwide,
and of note, wheat is extremely sensitive to heat, where
±2◦ C temperature variation has resulted in 50% decrease
in wheat production (Asseng et al. 2011). Rise in green-house gases inflicts a steady increase in global temperature
which has been projected to rise up to 4.5◦ C by 2080 (IPCC
2012; http://www.ipcc.ch/). This is expected to impose enormous negative impacts on productivity of wheat and substantial risks to global food production and security. This urged
the scientific research community to work towards genetic
improvement of wheat, so as to impart durable stress resistance and agronomic traits in this major cereal. Efforts have
been invested on transgene-based approaches and molecular breeding programmes for improvement of wheat since
times, but the progress is hindered due to the nonavailability of genome sequence information. Genome sequences are
imperative for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic traits and variation of a given crop plant. Though
the genome sequence of model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice has revolutionized the understanding
of plant biology over a decade, it has not been translated
robustly into crop improvement for major cereals including wheat. Concurrently, less genomic conservation between
rice and wheat has also restricted comparative genomic studies for genetic enhancement of wheat. This necessitated
the sequencing of wheat genome, which would serve as
the foundation for its improvement. Unfortunately, the size
and complexity of wheat genome hindered the sequencing efforts, and this resulted in wheat becoming the only
major crop whose genome remained unsequenced.
Mehanathan Muthamilarasan acknowledges University Grants
Commission, New Delhi, India for providing Research Fellowship
 
Date 2015-12-21T06:02:27Z
2015-12-21T06:02:27Z
2014
 
Type Article
 
Identifier J. Genet., 93(3): 619-622
0022-1333
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/436
http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jgen/093/03/0619-0622
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Indian Academy of Sciences