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Small RNAs in plants: recent development and application for crop improvement

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Title Small RNAs in plants: recent development and application for crop improvement
 
Creator Kamthan, Ayushi
Chaudhuri, Abira
Kamthan, Mohan
Datta, Asis
 
Subject miRNA
siRNA
RNAi
gene silencing
crop improvement
 
Description Accepted date: 16 March 2015
The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) which involves sequence-specific gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs, i.e., small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) has emerged as one of most powerful approaches for crop improvement. RNAi based on siRNA is one of the widely used tools of reverse genetics which aid in revealing gene functions in many species. This technology has been extensively applied to alter the gene expression in plants with an aim to achieve desirable traits. RNAi has been used for enhancing the crop yield and productivity by manipulating the gene involved in biomass, grain yield and enhanced shelf life of fruits and vegetables. It has also been applied for developing resistance against various biotic (bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, insects) and abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, cold, etc.). Nutritional improvements of crops have also been achieved by enriching the crops with essential amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidants and other nutrients beneficial for human health or by reducing allergens or anti-nutrients. microRNAs are key regulators of important plant processes like growth, development, and response to various stresses. In spite of similarity in size (20–24 nt), miRNA differ from siRNA in precursor structures, pathway of biogenesis, and modes of action. This review also highlights the miRNA based genetic modification technology where various miRNAs/artificial miRNAs and their targets can be utilized for improving several desirable plant traits. microRNA based strategies are much efficient than siRNA-based RNAi strategies due to its specificity and less undesirable off target effects. As per the FDA guidelines, small RNA (sRNA) based transgenics are much safer for consumption than those over-expressing proteins. This review thereby summarizes the emerging advances and achievement in the field of sRNAs and its application for crop improvement.
 
Date 2016-01-06T09:11:31Z
2016-01-06T09:11:31Z
2015
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Front. Plant Sc., 6: 208
1664-462X
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/522
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00208/abstract
10.3389/fpls.2015.00208
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.