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Origin, structure and function of millions of chromosomes present in the macronucleus of unicellular eukaryotic ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax: a model organism for transgenerationally programmed genome rearrangements

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Title Origin, structure and function of millions of chromosomes present in the macronucleus of unicellular eukaryotic ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax: a model organism for transgenerationally programmed genome rearrangements
 
Creator Kumar, Sushil
Kumari, Renu
 
Subject genome amplification
internally eliminated sequences
programmed genome editing
polyploidy
RNA-mediated epigenetics
transgenerational inheritance
 
Description Accepted date: 1 December 2014
The unicellular eukaryotic ciliate protists characteristically
contain a germline micronucleus (MIC) and a somatic
macronucleus (MAC) in their cytoplasm. The MAC, which is
crucial for the pursuit of cellular growth and mitotic divisions, is derived from a postzygotic MIC. The transition
from MIC to MAC involves extensive editing of the MIC
genome, followed by massive amplification of the residual
MAC genome. The spirotrichous ciliate, Oxytricha trifallax,
has been most extensively deployed as the model system to
reveal the mechanism(s) of origin of the architectural complexities of MAC. This has been possible by the application
of genome sequencing, synthetic RNA transgenesis and a
variety of other genetic techniques. Here, we summarize and
discuss the current observations of MAC genome derived
from MIC genome, properties of MAC genome structure,
function and significance of the novel features described in
O. trifallax. The differences in the genome organization of
O. trifallax and its relative alveolate species Paramecium
tetraurelia and Plasmodium falciparum have been described.
Aspects of programmed genome rearrangements, MAC
genome structure and function requiring further analyses in
different ciliate protest have been pointed out.
SK expresses grateful thanks towards Indian National Science
Academy for the award of an honorary scientistship.
 
Date 2016-01-07T08:54:07Z
2016-01-07T08:54:07Z
2015
 
Type Article
 
Identifier J. Genet., 94(2): 171-176
0022-1333
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/536
http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/article/jgen/094/02/0171-0176
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Indian Academy of Sciences