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Structure, organization and evolution of ADP-ribosylation factors in rice and foxtail millet, and their expression in rice

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Title Structure, organization and evolution of ADP-ribosylation factors in rice and foxtail millet, and their expression in rice
 
Creator Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan
Mangu, Venkata R.
Zandkarimi, Hana
Prasad, Manoj
Baisakh, Niranjan
 
Subject Plant molecular biology
Plant signalling
 
Description Accepted date: 18 March 2016
ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) have been reported to function in diverse physiological and molecular activities. Recent evidences also demonstrate the involvement of ARFs in conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plant species. In the present study, 23 and 25 ARF proteins were identified in C3 model- rice and C4 model- foxtail millet, respectively. These proteins are classified into four classes (I–IV) based on phylogenetic analysis, with ARFs in classes I–III and ARF-like proteins (ARLs) in class IV. Sequence alignment and domain analysis revealed the presence of conserved and additional motifs, which may contribute to neo- and sub-functionalization of these proteins. Promoter analysis showed the presence of several cis-regulatory elements related to stress and hormone response, indicating their role in stress regulatory network. Expression analysis of rice ARFs and ARLs in different tissues, stresses and abscisic acid treatment highlighted temporal and spatial diversification of gene expression. Five rice cultivars screened for allelic variations in OsARF genes showed the presence of allelic polymorphisms in few gene loci. Altogether, the study provides insights on characteristics of ARF/ARL genes in rice and foxtail millet, which could be deployed for further functional analysis to extrapolate their precise roles in abiotic stress responses.
M.M. acknowledges the award of Fulbright-Nehru Doctoral Research Fellowship (2015–2016) by the United
States Department of State through Institute of International Education, USA and United States-India Educational Foundation, India. M.M. is also a recipient of Research Fellowship from University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India. The research was partially supported by a Hatch grant from the USDA-NIFA to NB. This manuscript has been approved for publication by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as manuscript #2016–306–25910.
 
Date 2016-05-03T07:27:01Z
2016-05-03T07:27:01Z
2016
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Scientific Reports, 6: 24008
2045-2322
http://172.16.0.77:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/646
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep24008
10.1038/srep24008
 
Language en_US
 
Publisher Nature Publishing Group