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Study of Structure, Dynamics and Interaction of Gene Regulatory Proteins

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Title Study of Structure, Dynamics and Interaction of Gene Regulatory Proteins
 
Creator Mukherjee, Srijata
 
Subject Structural Biology & Bioinformatics
 
Description Any protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence to alter the expression of a gene is
generally termed as a gene regulatory protein. Regulation of gene expression (or gene
regulation) refers to the cellular control of the amount and timing of changes in the
appearance of the functional product of a gene. Although a functional gene product
may be either an RNA or a protein, the majority of the known mechanisms regulate
the expression of protein coding genes. Any step of gene expression may be
modulated, from the transcription step to post-translational modification of a protein
to modify its activity. Regulatory proteins are often needed to be bound to a
regulatory DNA binding site (although not mandatory) to switch a gene on (activator)
or to shut off a gene (repressor). In higher organisms, cellular protein regulation is
more complicated than that in lower organisms and indeed some human genes can be
controlled by many activators and repressors working together. In order for a gene to
be expressed, several things must happen. First, there needs to be an initiating signal.
This is achieved through the binding of some ligand to a receptor. This signal gives
rise to the activation of a protein called a transcription factor which is also a member
of gene regulatory protein family, and recruits other members of the "transcription
machine." Transcription factors generally simultaneously bind DNA as well as RNA
polymerase and/or other agents necessary for the transcription process (HATs,
scaffolding proteins, etc.). Frequently, extracellular signals induce the expression of
immediate early genes (IEGs) such as c-fos, c-jun, or AP-1. These are either
themselves act as the transcription factors or components and can further influence
gene expression.
 
Date 2010
 
Type Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1237/1/ALL_CHAPTERS_S._MUKHERJEE.pdf
Mukherjee, Srijata (2010) Study of Structure, Dynamics and Interaction of Gene Regulatory Proteins. PhD thesis, Jadavpur University.
 
Relation http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1237/