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Studies on The Role of Pitx2 Homeodomain Transcription Factor to Maintain Ovarian Structure and Function

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Title Studies on The Role of Pitx2 Homeodomain Transcription Factor to Maintain Ovarian Structure and Function
 
Creator Basu, Moitri
 
Subject Cell Biology & Physiology
 
Description The bicoid-related homeobox gene Pitx2 is a member of a multi gene family with multiple functional aspects. Pitx2, have been first implicated in pituitary development and transcriptional regulation (Gaje PJ et al., 1997, 1999). Later on, extensive studies demonstrated that Pitx2-deficient mice are embryonic lethal and showed severe defects in heart, eye, pituitary and tooth organogenesis
(Ai D et al., 2007; Lin CR et al., 1999). Three different isoforms of PITX2 (PITX2A/B/C) differ only in their amino terminus and differentially regulate transcription of their target genes (Ganga M et al., 2003; Vadlamudi U et al., 2005). The Pitx isoforms are members of bicoid class of homeodomain transcription factors and besides Plod2 gene, they regulate genes like LHβ, FSHβ, GH, PRL and GnRH
receptor (Quentien MH et al, 2002; Tremblay JJ et al, 2000, 1998) by interacting with cell-restricted factors such as Steroidogenic Factor1 (SF-1), Early Growth Response-1 (Egr-1), the heterodimeric NeuroD1/ Pan1, Tpit and Pit1 (Quentien MH et al, 2002). Pitx2 controls cell cycle regulating genes, such as cyclin D1 and -D2 as well as it regulates Wnt dependent mRNA turn over (Briata P et al, 2003). Pitx isoforms regulate the expression of other transcription factors, like Hesx1, Prop1, Lhx3 and Gata2
(Charles MA et al, 2005). Upon finding of the expression of PITX2 in ovary (Ghosh P et al., 2007), we speculated its significant involvement in maintaining the ovarian structural integrity. The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, especially collagens play very critical role in
maintaining the normal function of ovary. Procollagen Lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (Plod) is
the key enzyme responsible for hydroxylation of lysines in collagens that plays a role in specifying the
ECM and provides a foundation for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs (Cox CJ et al, 2002). Three Plod isoforms have been characterized in human, mouse and in rats. The ECM has an important role in the formation and maintenance of follicles and corpora lutea (Vogel W et al, 1997; Luck MR,1994; Rodgers HF et al, 1998, 1999; Belkin AM & Stepp MA, 2000). PLOD, a peripheral membrane
protein (within the endoplasmic reticulum), catalyses lysine hydroxylation in collagens and more than
15 other proteins (Rautavuoma K et al, 2002). The Plod2 is under the regulation of Pitx2 in tissues like
mice brain and the proximal promoter region of Plod2 harbors multiple bicoid elements that bind to
Pitx2 (Hjalt et al., 2001).
 
Date 2013
 
Type Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1942/1/Thesis_by_Moitri_Basu.pdf
Basu, Moitri (2013) Studies on The Role of Pitx2 Homeodomain Transcription Factor to Maintain Ovarian Structure and Function. PhD thesis, Calcutta University.
 
Relation http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1942/