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Synthesis and characterization of different types of nanoparticles and their applications

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Title Synthesis and characterization of different types of nanoparticles and their applications
 
Creator Mandal, Samir
 
Subject Molecular & Human Genetics
 
Description Nanoparticles are particles having size less than 100 nm. The properties of a conventional material changes when it forms nanoparticle. This is typically because nanoparticles have a greater surface area per unit weight than larger particles. This causes them to be more reactive to certain other molecules. As a result, nanoparticles are used or being evaluated for use in many fields. Our study has focused on three areas of application of nanoparticles, viz. (A) application of arsenite coated gold nanoparticles as anticancer agent, (B) role of gold nanoparticles in increasing polymerase chain reaction efficiency and (C) synthesis of carbon nanoparticles and its interaction with various biologically important proteins.(A) Application of arsenite coated gold nanoparticles as anticancer agent
Arsenic with its long history as a human poison has proven to be valuable as a potent anticancer agent, especially at low doses. In the present study, sodium arsenite conjugated gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of
chloroauric acid with trisodium citrate followed by addition of sodium arsenite under boiling condition. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm the formation and size distribution of arsenite coated gold nanoparticles. The arsenic-conjugated gold nanoparticles were characterized by a larger size (29 nm)as well as red shift in the absorption spectrum (532 nm) compared to gold nanoparticles (23 nm and 522 nm).
(B) Role of gold nanoparticles in increasing polymerase chain reaction efficiency The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhancing effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) might arise due to enhancement of heat transfer by high-conductivity, high-heat-capacity GNPs or PCR enhancing effect of GNP is mediated by surface interactions of GNPs rather than by heat-transfer enhancement. The present study
aimed at determining the most probable function of GNP during the PCR to regulate the yield of PCR. The influence of GNPs with different reacting components of PCR was monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence
quenching and circular dichroism spectroscopy. This study also involved the synthesis and characterization of GNPs by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and UV-visible spectroscopy.
An increase in the yield of PCR product was observed initially with addition of increasing concentration of GNPs, reached a maximum value and declined thereafter. Circular dichroism studies showed that Taq DNA polymerase had a greater affinity to interact with GNPs compared to primer or DNA template and CD melting study showed that pure Taq has an inversion temperature 73°C which increased to 81°C for Taq-GNP adduct. Melting temperature of the Taq-GNP adduct being 81°C, the available number of active Taq DNA molecules at the normal extension temperature (68-72°C) is much higher, which could be the reason for higher yield of PCR product in presence of GNP These findings would
shed light toward the trafficking power of nanoparticles on various enzymatic reactions to regulate the yield of the product.(C) Synthesis of carbon nanoparticle and its interaction with various biologically important proteins
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with very small size and high purity were synthesized by dehydration of D-glucose using concentrated sulphuric acid as dehydrating agent. These were characterized by transmission electron microscopy,
atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectroscopy. CNPprotein interactions were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. The fluorescence quenching constants and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH0), entropy change (ΔS0) and free energy change (ΔG0) were calculated, which indicated a
strong static quenching and primary electrostatic interaction between the carbon nanoparticles and blood proteins. Circular dichroism spectra provided the
information about the secondary structure alteration of the proteins in presence of carbon nanoparticles. These findings have shed light toward an understanding of
the interactions between CNPs and serum proteins which may clarify the potential risks and undesirable health effects of carbon CNPs, as well as the related cellular
trafficking and systemic translocation.
 
Date 2013
 
Type Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1992/1/Thesis_Samir_Mandal.pdf
Mandal, Samir (2013) Synthesis and characterization of different types of nanoparticles and their applications. PhD thesis, Jadavpur University.
 
Relation http://www.eprints.iicb.res.in/1992/