Effects of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties under pearl millet-wheat cropping system: A long-term study
KrishiKosh
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Title |
Effects of organic manures and fertilizers on soil properties under pearl millet-wheat cropping system: A long-term study
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Creator |
Sheoran, Sunita
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Contributor |
Antil, R.S.
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Subject |
organic fertilizers, Fertilizers, Livestock, Farmyard manure, Carbon, Crops, Enzymes, Nutrients, Minerals, Yields
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Description |
An ongoing long-term field experiment established in 1995 on coarse loamy soil on research farm of Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India) was selected to study the effects of various combinations of organic manures (FYM, poultry manure and pressmud) and fertilizers on soil chemical and biological properties under pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence. The experiment was laid out with the following ten treatments in a randomized block design with three replications; T1 : 75 kg N +30 kg P2O5 ha- 1, T2 : 150 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 ha-1, T3 : 15 Mg FYM ha-1, T4 : 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N ha-1, T5 : 15 Mg FYM + 150 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T6 : 5 Mg Poultry manure ha-1, T7 : 5 Mg Poultry manure + 150 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T8 : 7.5 Mg Pressmud ha-1, T9 : 7.5 Mg Pressmud +75 kg N +30 kg P2O5 ha-1, T10 : 7.5 Mg Pressmud + 150 kg N +30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Soil and plant samples were collected in April, 2014 after 19th cycle of pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence. Application of organic manures (15 Mg FYM or 7.5 Mg pressmud or 5 Mg poultry manure ha-1) alone resulted in poor yield of wheat crop. However, a significant increase in yield was obtained when organic manures were applied in conjunction with recommended dose of N that was comparable with recommended dose of NP applied alone or in conjunction with organic manures. Continuous application of organic manures alone or in combination with NP fertilizers decreased the soil pH. However, a reverse trend was obtained in case of EC of soil. Organic carbon content of soil decreased from its initial value when only half of recommended dose of NP fertilizers were applied and increased significantly with application of organic manures alone or in conjunction with NP fertilizers. Highest increase (192.3 %) in soil organic carbon was noticed when 15 Mg FYM ha-1 was applied along with 150 kg N+30 kg P2O5 ha-1 over initial value. Continuous cultivation of pearl millet-wheat cropping system for 19 years could not sustain the initial level of N with application of organic manures alone or in combination with NP fertilizers or recommended dose of NP fertilizers. However, their application increased the available P and K content of soil. The soil fertility with respect to P and K can be maintained with the application of 15 Mg FYM or 7.5 Mg pressmud or 5 Mg poultry manure ha-1. The production of HA-C and FA-C increased when organic manures were applied alone or in combination with NP fertilizers and highest was reported with pressmud7.5N150P30. Production of HA-C was higher than the FA-C irrespective of treatments and their application rates. Addition of organic manures alone or in combination with NP fertilizers significantly increased the concentration of soluble ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4 2-, HCO3 - and CO3 2-) in soil. Highest contents of all the soluble ions were observed in FYM treatments which resulted in higher EC (0.65 dSm-1) of soil. Application of NP fertilizers with organic manures significantly increased nitrogen mineralization potential over the application of manures or fertilizers alone. Application of organic manures alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers significantly increased enzymes activity as compared to application of fertilizers alone. Combined application of organic manures along with fertilizers significantly decreased dehydrogenase and urease activity as compared to application of organic manures alone, however, alkaline phosphatase activity were found to be increased. Application of organic manures alone or in combination with fertilizers significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen content, soil basal respiration rate over recommended dose of NP fertilizers. Highest microbial biomass carbon (982 mg kg-1) and nitrogen (79.8 mg kg-1) was recorded with application of 7.5 Mg pressmud ha-1 along with 150 kg N +30 kg P2O5 ha-1. Highest amount of CO2 (1868.0 mg kg-1 soil) in a 60 days of incubation period was evolved with application of FYM15N150. The integrated use of organic manures and fertilizers resulted in higher productivity, improved soil health and maintained the sustainability of pearl millet-wheat cropping system. |
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Date |
2016-10-13T09:52:35Z
2016-10-13T09:52:35Z 2015 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/80431
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Language |
en
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
CCSHAU
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