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Effect of endosulfan and chloropyriphos and their interaction with biofertilizers on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth

KrishiKosh

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Title Effect of endosulfan and chloropyriphos and their interaction with biofertilizers on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth
 
Creator Sethi, Gurupreet Singh
 
Contributor Anand, R.C.
 
Subject Bacteria, Azotobacter, Sowing, Planting, Insecticides, Biological development, Pesticides, Biofertilizers, Wheats, Wood
 
Description India is an agriculture dependent, developing country. To increase crop
productivity modern agriculture technologies based on balanced fertilization,
irrigation and pest management. With the advent of intensive agriculture, the
use of plant protectants such as insecticides, herbicides and fungicides is on
increase. Some of these chemicals are readily degraded in soil by soil
microorganisms but some of these chemicals persist in soil environment for
long time. So their accumulation in the soil poses a serious problem to the
survival of beneficial soil microbes. Pesticides applied to soil at planting
should persist during the development of plant roots. Therefore, a portion of
the pesticides likely interacts with microorganisms in the soil and
rhizosphere. Due to intensive agriculture, lands of India are deficit in major
plant nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus which are supplemented with
inorganic fertilizers. Due to adverse effect of these inorganic fertilizer on
environment and on useful soil micro-organism, now a days, biofertilizers are
used on large scale for this purpose. Seed application of endosulfan or
chloropyriphos is a recommended practice for control of termites in wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.).The simultaneous use of insecticides and biofertilizers
for seed application may pose a risk to microbes used as biofertilizers and
data is not available in the literature regarding the use of sequence of
insecticides and biofertilizers. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of
these insecticides on Azotobacter and Pseudomonas which are used as
biofertilizers for seed application to supply N and P respectively. Simultaneous treatment of endosulfan and Azotobacter on the wheat
grains showed low viable count of Azotobacter initially. A gap of 12-24h in
treatment of endosulfan and Azotobacter led to higher number of viable count
of Azotobacter. Similarly, simultaneous treatment of chloropyriphos &
Azotobacter exhibited low viable count and treatment of chloropyriphos
followed by Azotobacter after a gap of 12h & 24h led to higher population.
Irrespective of time gap between endosulfan/chloropyriphos & Azotobacter
gave almost same population on the seeds after 72h of incubation. Same
trend followed with higher doses of endosulfan & chloropyriphos. In case of
Pseudomonas, with the increase of concentration of endosulfan, population of
Pseudomonas, after 72h reached to same level. However, with chloropyriphos,
no clear cut relationship was observed. Mixed culture of Azotobacter and
Pseudomonas showed similar behavior with regard to survival on the seeds as
that of individual inoculant of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. Application of
Azotobacter followed by endosulfan with increasing concentration had similar
effect as observed in application of endosulfan followed by Azotobacter and
same was true with chloropyriphos. Application of Azotobacter &
endosulfan/chloropyriphos initially had less population & it increased to 109
to 1010 cfu g-1 seed in 72h. Similar pattern was observed for survival of
Pseudomonas on the seeds when its application was followed with the
treatment of endosulfan/chloropyriphos. The survival of Azotobacter and
Pseudomonas of mixed culture was similar as that of individual culture in
case of application of mixed culture followed by insecticides. Depletion of
glucose/sucrose from respective media, the viable count of
Azotobacter/Pseudomonas was not affected. In the rhizospheric soil, the
application of Azotobacter/Pseudomonas/mixed culture had higher
population when applied to seeds at a gap of 12h to 24h as compared to
simultaneous application of biofertilizers and insecticides.
Azotobacter/Pseudomonas/mixed culture established themselves in the
rhizosphere and population reached to the level of 106 cfu g-1 soil,
irrespective of application time gap of insecticide followed by biofertilizers.
Plant biomass accumulation was higher in plant treated with
endosulfan/chloropyriphos followed by Azotobacter/ Pseudomonas/mixed
culture at a gap of 12h as compared to simultaneous treatment. Under pot
house conditions, ‘N’ content & ‘P’ content of plant was also higher in plant
treated with endosulfan/chloropyriphos followed by
Azotobacter/Pseudomonas/ mixed culture after a gap of 12h as compared to
plant treated with simultaneous application of insecticides and biofertilizers
to seeds at the time of sowing.
 
Date 2016-11-16T11:31:39Z
2016-11-16T11:31:39Z
2009
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/85800
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher CCSHAU