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ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF ETHMOTURBINATES IN INDIAN PIG (Sus scrofa domesticus)

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Title ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF ETHMOTURBINATES IN INDIAN PIG (Sus scrofa domesticus)
 
Creator SUKANYA. T
 
Contributor Dr. D. PRAMOD KUMAR
 
Subject planting, genotypes, genetics, sowing, yields, oilseeds, developmental stages, biological phenomena, phenotypes, selection
 
Description “Anatomical studies of Ethmoturbinates in Indian Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)”
was carried out in Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science,
Hyderabad in eight adult intact heads of pigs collected from local animal slaughter
houses in and around Hyderabad.
Morphological and morphometrical features of ethmoturbinates were studied in
two frozen heads in five (5) transverse sections of nasal cavity and two heads sectioned
longitudinally with intact nasal septum on which impressions of ethmoturbinates were
seen. Ethmoturbinates were in two groups viz., 4–6 lateral ectoturbinates and seven
medial endoturbinates (EnT I – VII) anchored to convex nasal surface of cribriform
plate. First EnT was longest and broadest (7.18 and 1.89 cm) extending into nasal
cavity, whereas EnT II was second largest at level of upper last molar followed by next
two connected by a common stalk. Ethmoturbinates at level of third upper molar
xiv
displayed ethmoidal labyrinth in rostrocaudal direction whose ventral ends were
attached to ventro-lateral plate inclined towards nasal septum. Present study shows
seven well developed EnT in caudal third of nasal cavity in pigs.
Histological features of ethmoturbinates in routine paraffin sections stained with
H & E, Masson’s Trichrome and Bielschowsky’s Silver impregnation methods were
noted. Olfactory and respiratory epithelium lined ethmoturbinates of which the former
was restricted to middle and caudal segments. Olfactory cells in inner epithelium
occurred from caudal ends of rostral segment of EnT up to rest of endoturbinates.
Epithelium became progressively thicker with 8-9 rows of cells with large oval
olfactory neurons occupying mid to basal parts of epithelium.
Sub-epithelial zone consisted Schawn cells ensheathing few axons intermingled
with plasma cells amongst intermittent patches of Bowman’s glands. From mid to
caudal segments of EnT entire lamina propria was filled with layer like glands. Propria
was relatively thicker on inner side with collagen fibres and venous sinuses. Nerve
fibres coursed in between glandular units of thick olfactory epithelium which in turn
had fine thread-like dendritic processes in supranuclear zone and darkly stained axons
in propria. Nerve fibres were more in olfactory epithelium of ethmoturbinates.
Histochemical features of ethmoturbinates were studied in paraffin and cryosections
stained by PAS, Gomori’s method for Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP) and Acid
Phosphatase (ACP) activity. Ethmoturbinates of pigs reacted faintly to PAS on luminal
surface of epithelium. Bowman's glands, cells around nerve fasciculi, endothelium and
outer zone of bone showed moderate PAS reaction. Mild ALP activity was observed in
apical regions of olfactory neurons. Moderate activity was seen in glandular units,
ducts, periphery of glands and glia in lamina propria. Moderate ACP activity was seen
in infra-nuclear zone of olfactory epithelium, glia, around axons and Schawnn cells.
xv
For SEM studies ethmoturbinates of pigs were processed as per standard
protocol of Ruska Labs, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad. SEM studies
revealed carpet like respiratory epithelium on rostral ends of turbinate scrolls. SEM cross
sections of EnT scrolls showed linear arrangement of olfactory and columnar cells above
loose connective tissue in lamina propria. Mid segments of EnT surface showed thick
short and stout olfactory cilia emerging from olfactory vesicles in SEM scans. Density of
olfactory cilia increased dramatically from mid to caudal EnT segments. SEM views of
caudal segments of ethmoturbinates showed dense meshwork of olfactory cilia. SEM
scans of lamina propria showed collagen fibres above bony spicules of ethmoturbinates.
Present investigation suggests that pigs are endowed with well developed EnT
scrolls lined with thick olfactory epithelium indicating that they are capable of high
degree of olfaction. Plasma cells in propria produce an immune reaction to invasive
microbes for withstanding the first onslaught of infection in pig nasal cavity.
 
Date 2016-12-29T11:29:26Z
2016-12-29T11:29:26Z
2016-11-30
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/93614
 
Relation D;501
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher PVNR TVU