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Genetic Variability, Diversity and Stability Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)

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Title Genetic Variability, Diversity and Stability Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)
 
Creator Singh, Rekha
 
Contributor B. G., Dr. Suresh
 
Subject threshers, grain, threshing, rice, costs, conveyors, crops, mechanization, manpower, crop residues
Variability, correlation, stability, divergence, amaranth
 
Description Thesis on "Genetic Variability, Diversity and Stability Analysis in Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)" Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING by Rekha Singh.
The experimental materials for the present study consist of 40 grain amaranth genotypes collected from different locations evaluated for yield and quality traits and assumed genetic variability, character association, diversity and stability across five dates of sowing viz. 10 November, 2010 (rabi), 10 June, 2011 (kharif) and 10 November, 2011 (rabi) at National Botanical research Institute, Lucknow and 16 November, 2012 (rabi) at experiment field of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHIATS, Allahabad. Experimental results revealed that mean sum of squares of 40 genotypes at two locations viz; SHIATS and NBRI for 4 environments (rabi 2010-11 (E1), kharif and rabi 2011-12 (E2 and E3) at NBRI, Lucknow and rabi 2012-13 (E4) at SHIATS, Allahabad) were significant for days to 50% flowering, plant height, branches/plant, panicles/plant, inflorescence length, days to maturity and biological yield/plant in each environment and pooled in both locations. For harvest index and grain yield/plant MSS values were significant in each environment and pooled except in environment E2 (kharif, 2011 at Lucknow location) and in pooled for harvest index. Mean performance for grain yield was recorded maximum in SKNA 21 (42.60, 42.56 g) followed by RMA 4 (39.40, 39.35 g), IC 41998 (39.27, 39.32 g) and IC 35696 (38.73 g both) for both years i. e. 2010 (E1), 2011(E2), rabi season at Lucknow, Maximum grain yield for kharif, 2011(E3), was recorded for AG 828 (12.27 g) followed by AG 114 (9.80 g), AG 198/2 (9.67 g) and Akola local and AG 9 (8.60 g both) at Lucknow, Whereas maximum grain yield for rabi, 2012 (E4), Allahabad was recorded for AG 198/2 (42.53 g) followed by RMA 4 (41.27 g), AG 114/2 (39.53 g) and AG 303 (34.13 g). Seed protein content (%) showed maximum mean values for IC 120588 (16.63) followed by SKNA 21 (15.61), SKNA 20 (15.61) and Akola local (15.60) for all environments studied.
A wide range of genotypic variance for chlorophyll ‗b‘ (0.003) to biological yield/plant (9871.60) where as the range of phenotypic variance for chlorophyll b (0.004) to biological yield/plant (9871.85). Pooled estimates of genotypic and phenotypic variance over four environments revealed the
ranges from chlorophyll ‗b‘ (0.003 both) to test weight (5523.82 and 5523.97). Test weight recorded highest genotypic and phenotypic variance (5523.82 and 5523.97) followed by biological yield/plant (3927.62 and 3927.69, plant height (394.96 and 355.00) and panicles/plant (220.88 and 220.92). The highest estimates of GCV and PCV were observed for character chlorophyll b (41.00 and 41.14) during rabi, 2012-13 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The overall range of GCV was found between 2.51 (for days to maturity at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13) to 41.00 (for chlorophyll ‗b‘ at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13). Pooled estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from days to maturity (3.85 and 3.87) to phenol (35.26 and 35.48) followed by chlorophyll b (31.66 and 33.51) and number of branches/plant (30.50 and 30.53). The heritability estimates ranged from 49 % (for chlorophyll a/b at NBRI, Lucknow during kharif, 2011-12) to 100 % (for plant height at NBRI, Lucknow during rabi, 2010-11 and 2011-12 both and at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13, number of panicles/plant at NBRI, Lucknow during rabi, 2011-12 and at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13, test weight for all environments, and biological yield/plant for all environments except at NBRI, Lucknow kharif, 2011-12). The estimates of genetic advance were varied from 0.09 (for chlorophyll ‗b‘ at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13) to 204.67 (for biological yield/plant at NBRI, Lucknow during, rabi, 2010-11). The estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean were varied from 5.16 (for days to maturity at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13) to 84.16 (for chlorophyll ‗b‘ at SHIATS, Allahabad during rabi, 2012-13). Correlation analysis revealed that the grain yield/plant showed positive significant correlation with inflorescence length, biological yield/plant, and harvest index for all environments Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, biological yield/plant, harvest index had direct positive effect on grain yield/ plant, though days to maturity, test weight had direct negative effect on grain yield/plant for all environments studied.
AG 828, SKNA-21-1, Akola local were considered to be stable, average responsive and suitable for all environments for grain yield/plant. AG 828, SKNA-21-1 and Akola local have higher mean values for per plant grain yield, in which SKNA-21-1 showed highest mean (23.983 g). AG 303, AG 114/1, SKNA 20, AG 21, GA-2, SKNA 21, RMA 3, IC 120588, Rasna 2, BGA 3, IC 41998, GA-1-1,
Suvarna and IC 35696 were considered to be stable for protein content. AG 303, AG 114/1, SKNA 20, AG 21, GA-2, SKNA 21, RMA 3, IC 120588, Rasna 2, BGA 3 and IC 41998 were found stable, average responsive and suitable for all environments with higher mean for protein content, where as IC 120588 was highest for protein content. Where as AG 67/1, AG 828, AG 198, AG 821, AG 114, AG 198/2, Akola local, SKNA-21-1/2, BGA 2, AG114/2, RMA 2, IC 120589, IC 32195 found stable, high responsive and suitable for only favorable environment i.e. rabi season, AG 67, AG 301, AG 306, SKNA 601, SKNA-21-1, IC 5574, GA-1, SKNA 23, Rasna 4, RMA 4, AG 9, AG 12, MGA 1 found stable, low responsive and suitable for unfavorable environment i.e. kharif season for protein content grain amaranths. The diversity analysis showed hierarchical clustering grouped all the 40 genotypes into 7 clusters for all environments and pooled data though the genotype composition varied. The number of genotypes per cluster varied from 1 to 12 for Environment 1, 2 to 9 for Environment 2, 1 to 13 for Environment 3, 2 to 15 for Environment 4 and 2 to 14 in pooled analysis. Based on intra and inter cluster distance the genotypes AG 303, Suvarna, SKNA-21-1, AG 821, SKNA 601, BGA 2, SKNA-21-1/2, AG 67, GA-2, AG114, AG 301, AG 306, AG 198, SKNA 21 and IC 41998 could be potential source for genetic material to be utilized in future hybridization programme for obtaining a broad spectrum of variability for present in the gene pool for the genetic improvement of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.).
 
Date 2016-12-14T10:56:47Z
2016-12-14T10:56:47Z
2015
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/90066
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS)