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Nutrient management studies in cereal-cereal cropping system under temperate environment

KrishiKosh

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Title Nutrient management studies in cereal-cereal cropping system under temperate environment
 
Creator Khan, Hafiz Ullah
 
Contributor Badrul Hasan
 
Subject Agronomy
Cropping system
Rice-oat
Nutrient management
 
Description PhD Thesis submitted to SKUAST Kashmir
A field experiment was conducted at Shalimar Campus during kharif 1997 on a silty clay loam soil, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, potassium and zinc to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc application on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by rice and their residual effect on the growth and yield of succeeding oat crop. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) in main-plot and combination of three levels of phosphorus (30, 45, and 60 kg P2O5/ha) and two levels of zinc (7.5 and 15 kg ZnO/ha) as sub-plot treatments. The treatments were randomized in a split-plot design with three replications. A uniform dose of 20 kg K2O/ha was applied to rice crop. Nitrogen and phosphorus was given through urea and DAP, respectively. However, for no nitrogen treatment, phosphorus was given through SSP. The residual oat crop was given a uniform dose of 80, 40 and 20 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha, respectively.
Nitrogen application from 0 to 150 kg/ha significantly increased plant height, dry matter production and leaf area index of rice at all growth stages, whereas tiller production showed significant and consistent improvement with nitrogen application up to 100 kg/ha only. Phosphorus application from 30 to 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly and consistently increased plant height and dry matter production at all crop growth stages. Leaf area index (LAI) showed significant increase with application up to 60 kg P2O5/ha at 75,90 DAT and at harvest stages, whereas at 30, 45, and 60 DAT stages,LAI value obtained with P60 and P45 levels were not statistically different. Further, tiller production showed significant improvement with phosphorus application up to 45 kg P2O5 ha at all crop growth stages. Application of zinc at 15 kg ZnO/ha did not cause any significant improvement in the plant height, tiller production, dry matter production and leaf area index of rice over 7.5 kg ZnO/ha. Net assimilation rate (NAR) significantly increased with nitrogen application up to 150 kg/ha at 30-45 and 45-60 DAT stage in 1997 and up to 100 kg/ha at 45-60 DAT stage in 1998. Similarly NAR showed significant improvement with phosphorus application up to 45 kg P2O5/ha at 30-45 DAT and harvest stage and up to 60 kg P2O5/ha at 45-60 DAT during 1997 and up to 45 kg P2O5/ha at 45-60 DAT and harvest stage during 1998. Zinc application at 15 kg ZnO/ha significantly improved NAR at 45-60 DAT stage during 1997 and at 30-45 DAT stage during 1998 over 7.5 ZnO/ha.
Various yield attributing characters viz., number of panicles/m-2, spikelets and grains/panicle and 100-grain weight significantly increased with nitrogen application up to 100 kg/ha, whereas panicle length and grain weight/panicle showed significant improvement with increase in nitrogen application up to 150 kg/ha. Application of phosphorus up to 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased number of panicles m-2 panicle length whereas number of spikelets and grain weight/panicle showed significant improvement with phosphorus application only up to 45 kg P2O5/ha. All yield attributing characters did not show any significant increase with zinc application at 15 kg ZnO/ha over 7.5 kg ZnO/ha.
Grain and straw yields of rice significantly improved with nitrogen application up to 100 and 150 kg/ha, respectively, whereas phosphorus application up to 45 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased both grain and straw yields. Harvest index showed significant improvement with nitrogen and phosphorus application up to 50 kg N and 45 P2O5/ha, respectively. The effect of Zn was however found non-significant.
Increase in nitrogen from 0 to 150 kg/ha significantly and consistently increased N, P and Zn uptake by rice at all crop growth stages, whereas, phosphorus application up to 45 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased both nitrogen and zinc uptake. However, application of phosphorus beyond 45 kg P2O5/ha decreased zinc uptake at all crop growth stages. Phosphorus at 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly enhanced phosphorus uptake by rice at 30,45 and 60 DAT stages, whereas at 75, 90 DAT and harvest stages, phosphorus uptake showed significant increase up to 45 kg P2O5/ha only. Zinc did not influence nitrogen and phosphorus uptake but significantly increased zinc uptake at all crop growth stages.
Regarding the residual effect of N, P and Zn application in rice on succeeding oat crop, the findings revealed that the plant height leaf-stem ratio, fresh and dry fodder yield in oat showed significant increase with nitrogen application in rice over no nitrogen application, whereas application of phosphorus at 60 kg P2O5/ha in rice significantly increased plant height, tiller number, leaf-stem ratio, fresh and dry fodder yield of oat crop, however, P60 and P45 levels were at par. Residual effect of rice-applied Zn on oat was found non-significant.
Increased application of nitrogen in rice did not produce any significant increase either in nitrogen or zinc uptake by oat but its increase up to 50 kg/ha significantly improved phosphorus uptake by oat crop. Application of phosphorus in rice from 30 to 45 kg P2O5/ha marked significant increase in both nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by oat but did not show any significant improvement in zinc uptake by oat. Application of zinc in rice did not cause any significant influence on N, P and Zn uptake by oat.
Nitrogen balance in soil after experimentation did not show much improvement over its initial status. However, for no nitrogen treatment combinations, a negative N balance was observed. Both phosphorus and potassium balance in soil showed a slight increasing trend over their initial status.
The benefit: cost ratio remained highest with N100 P45 Z7.5 treatment combination during two year study which was closely followed by N100 P45 Z7.5 and N100 P60 Z7.5 treatment combinations.
 
Date 2017-05-08T07:41:25Z
2017-05-08T07:41:25Z
2000
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810010730
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher SKUAST Kashmir