Record Details

Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to foliar and soil application of Nitrogen

KrishiKosh

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to foliar and soil application of Nitrogen
 
Creator KUMAR, Nikhil
 
Contributor Haque, Mizanul
 
Subject ---
 
Description Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal crop for the majority of world‟s populations. It is the most important staple food of about two billion people (36% of the world population). Currently, India is second largest producer of Wheat in the world after China with about 12% share in total world Wheat production. Now, India is surplus and in a position to export Wheat in the International Market and can earn foreign exchange. Wheat is grown in India in an area of about 30 Million ha with a production of 95.91 Million tones. The normal National productivity is about 3.1 tones/ha, which is higher than the productivity of Bihar (26.80 q/ha) achieved from an area of 2.2 million ha with a production of 5.9 million tones. There is hardly any scope for expansion of area under Wheat. The main emphasis would be on increasing the productivity of Wheat by adopting the improved cultivation practices through the effective and efficient management of nutrients. Among the different management practices, role of macro nutrients is crucial in crop nutrition for achieving higher yields (Raun & Johnson, 1999). The soils of India are deficient in nitrogen and are supplemented with chemical fertilizer for enhancing the crop productivity. Nitrogenous fertilizers play a vital role in modern farm technology, however only 20-50% of the soil applied nitrogen is recovered by the annual crops (Bajwa, 1992). The leftover nitrogen is lost from the soil system through denitrification, volatilization and leaching. The partial and in-efficient use of nitrogen results in lower crop harvests. Moreover, fertilizers are energy intensive to produce and are very expensive. The present price hike of fertilizers is one of the main constraints to increase the economic yield of crops. Thus efforts are needed to minimize its losses and to enhance its economic use. Foliar fertilization, that is nutrient supplementation through leaves, is an efficient technique of fertilization which enhances the availability of nutrients. It has been observed that utilization of fertilizers especially urea applied through soil is not as effective as when it is supplied to the plant through foliage along with soil application (Mosluh et al., 1978). Foliar feeding also ensures the ample availability of nutrients to crops for obtaining higher yield (Arif et al., 2006). Several researchers justified the idea that nutrients (like N) may be taken up through roots and leaves and may spread within the plant (Ahmed & Ahmed, 2005; Hassanein, 2001). The efficiency of N assimilation through foliage, however, depends upon several factors including varieties or genotypes. Having seen the price hike and unavailability of nitrogen fertilizer (especially urea) during peak period of growing season, the present investigation has been planned to address the issue so that the yield losses due to non-availability of urea can be reduced by foliar application at various growth stages of wheat and economic use of nitrogen fertilizer However, a very little information regarding the response of wheat to soil and foliar application of nitrogen through urea is available. An investigation entitled “Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) to foliar and soil application of Nitrogen” was conducted during winter season of 2013-2014 at Bihar Agricultural college farm, Sabour (Bhagalpur). Experiment comprising, Eight different treatments viz. T1- RDF (50% Nitrogen at Basal + 25% N at CRI stage+ 25% at jointing stage, T2- 50% Nitrogen at Basal + 25% N at CRI stage + 2% urea solution at tillering stage, T3- 50% Nitrogen at Basal +2% urea solution at CRI stage & tillering stage.(two spray),T4-50% Nitrogen at Basal + 3% urea solution at CRI stage & tillering stage. (two spray),T5- 50% Nitrogen at Basal + 4% urea solution at CRI stage & tillering stage.(two spray), T6-50% Nitrogen at Basal +2% urea solution at CRI stage, tillering stage & late jointing.(three spray),T7- 50% Nitrogen at Basal +3% urea solution at CRI stage, tillering stage & late jointing.(three spray),T8- 50% Nitrogen at Basal +4% urea solution at CRI stage, tillering stage & late jointing.(three spray).The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication. The results indicated that maximum yield of wheat ( 49.65q/ha ) was recorded, when the crop was grown with recommended doses of fertilizers i.e.,50% of RDF as basal &remaining N in two split application at CRI & jointing stages of crop growth which was statistically at par with the grain yield of 47.57q/ha & 46.18q/ha obtained under treatment T2 i.e., 50% Nitrogen at Basal + 25% N at CRI stage + 2% urea solution at tillering stage and T8 (50% Nitrogen at basal + 4% urea solution at CRI stage, tillering & late jointing stages(three spray),respectively and these intern were significantly superior to the grain yield obtained under rest of the treatments tested. Plant population was not significantly influenced by the different treatments; thereby indicating that plant population were uniform irrespective of treatments under test. Growth and yield attributing characters viz., Plant height, LAI, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rates at different growth stages, number of tillers/m2, days to 50% heading, length of ear head, ear head/m2, , spikelets/spike, number of grains/ear head, test weight of grains, days to maturity, grain yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha), harvest index and total nutrients uptake were recorded maximum under the treatment T1 being at par with the treatments T2 &T 8. Maximum net return of Rs.68,568/-was recorded under treatment T1 and was at par with the net return of treatmentT2 (Rs.64,456/-) & T3( Rs.60,809/-),respectively . Maximum B: C ratio (2.42) was recorded with T1 followed by the treatment T2 (2.28) & T3 (2.08). However, the B:C ratio obtained under treatment T1 and T2 was statistically at par and were significantly superior to the treatment T3 In the light of the above mentioned facts it was observed that soil and foliar feeding of Nitrogen proved to be efficient tool for realizing the potentiality of wheat in terms of growth and yield attributing characters of crop. Soil and foliar application of nutrient was found to be an effective and efficient technique for nutrient supplementation in obtaining higher yield. Hence, it may be concluded that one foliar spray of 2% urea along with soil application of 50%N at basal and 25% N at CRI (T2) and three spraying of 4% urea at CRI, tillering and late jointing stages along with soil application of 50%N as basal (T8) have been found effective in obtaining at par yield to that of soil application of recommended doses of fertilizers (50%of RDF as basal &remaining N in two split application at CRI & jointing stages of crop growth). Hence, reduced dose of soil N and foliar feeding of urea may be an economically viable and ecologically sound option for nutrient supplementation of wheat during mid season crisis of urea without having significant yield reduction compared to recommended doses of fertilizers with an added advantage of 21 to26.61% saving of N in wheat crop.
 
Date 2017-02-17T07:00:36Z
2017-02-17T07:00:36Z
2015-07
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810001372
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Department of Agronomy, BAU, Sabour