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Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river

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Title Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical
techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water
quality of a small river
 
Creator Dutta, Smita
Dwivedi, Ajay
Kumar, M. Suresh
 
Subject Water Quality
Water Pollution
Water Treatment
 
Description Rapid urban development has led to a critical
negative impact on water bodies flowing in and around
urban areas. In the present study, 25 physiochemical and
biological parameters have been studied on water samples
collected from the entire section of a small river
originating and ending within an urban area. This study
envisaged to assess the water quality status of river body
and explore probable sources of pollution in the river.
Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was
employed to evaluate the water quality status of the
river. Multivariate statistical techniques namely cluster
analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA)
were applied to differentiate the sources of variation in
water quality and to determine the cause of pollution in
the river. WQI values indicated high pollution levels in
the studied water body, rendering it unsuitable for any
practical purpose. Cluster analysis results showed that
the river samples can be divided into four groups. Use of
PCA identified four important factors describing the
types of pollution in the river, namely (1) mineral and
nutrient pollution, (2) heavy metal pollution, (3) organic
pollution, and (4) fecal contamination. The deteriorating
water quality of the river was demonstrated to originate
from wide sources of anthropogenic activities, especially
municipal sewage discharge from unplanned housing
areas, wastewater discharge from small industrial units,
livestock activities, and indiscriminate dumping of solid
wastes in the river. Thus, the present study effectively
demonstrates the use of WQI and multivariate statistical
techniques for gaining simpler and meaningful information
about the water quality of a lotic water body as well
as to identify of the pollution sources.
 
Publisher Springer
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://neeri.csircentral.net/1194/1/Dutta2018_Article_UseOfWaterQualityIndexAndMulti.pdf
Dutta, Smita and Dwivedi, Ajay and Kumar, M. Suresh Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190 (12). p. 718. ISSN 0167-6369, ESSN: 1573-2959
 
Relation https://link.springer.com/journal/10661
http://neeri.csircentral.net/1194/