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Giberellic acid-stimulated transcript proteins evolved through successive conjugation of novel motifs and their subfunctionalization

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Title Giberellic acid-stimulated transcript proteins evolved through successive conjugation of novel motifs and their subfunctionalization
 
Creator Kumar, Ashutosh
Singh, Alka
Kumar, Pramod
Sarkar, Ananda K.
 
Subject GAST proteins
motifs
GA-Stimulated Transcript (GAST)-like genes
Evolution
ABA
seed germination
Selaginella moellendorffii
Gymnosperms
rice
 
Description Accepted date: 27 March 2019
Gibberellic Acid Stimulated Transcript (GAST)-like genes encode small polypeptides, some of which have been implicated in diverse biological processes regulating plant growth and development. However, the occurrence of GASTs among plants, their protein structures, and the mechanisms by which they evolved remain elusive. Here, using a customized workflow, we report genes encoding GAST proteins, identify novel motifs and evolutionary patterns contributing to sub-functionalization of GAST domains, and explore functional conservation across diverse plants. We show that GAST-like sequences evolved initially in the vascular plant Selaginella moellendorffii, after the divergence from bryophytes, and later emerged in gymnosperms and angiosperms. GASTs in angiosperms are characterized by four conserved novel motifs; however, relatively fewer conserved motifs exist in pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the GCR1 motif evolved early in S. moellendorffii GAST, which further acquired sub-functionalization through successive conjugation of other motifs and remained conserved across plants, as supported by their collinearity. Functional characterization of two orthologues from the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath-GASA10) and the monocot rice (Oryza sativa; Osa-GAST9) suggests hormonal regulation, novel roles in seed germination, and functional conservation among diverse plant groups. Computational modelling predicts that these GAST genes are regulated by several factors, including the phytohormones GA and ABA, through conserved cis-motifs present in their promoters, and that they might act as signaling molecules in a complex feedback loop. Thus, our study identifies GASTs and their encoded proteins, uncovers their structure, novel motifs, and evolutionary pattern among plants, and suggests their functional conservation.
AK thanks SERB, DST, India for National-Post Doctoral Fellowship (NPDF) and PK thanks CSIR, India for fellowship. We acknowledge central instrumental facility of NIPGR. AS
acknowledges DBT, Govt. of India for DBT-Research Associate fellowship
(BT/PR3292/AGR/2/811/2011). We thank ABRC, USA for Arabidopsis seeds and my lab
members Dr. Shalini Mukherjee, Dr. Swati Verma, Dr. Archita Singh and Mr. Sandeep Yadav
for critical review of manuscript.
 
Date 2019-04-18T10:36:46Z
2019-04-18T10:36:46Z
2019
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Plant Physiology, 180(2): 998-1012
1532-2548
http://223.31.159.10:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/943
http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/early/2019/04/10/pp.19.00305.long
https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.19.00305
 
Language en_US
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher American Society of Plant Biologists