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Title Effect of PUFA from fish oil on lipid metabolism of heart in streptozotocin - induced diabetes in male albino rats
 
Names Asha, K.K.
Mathew, S.
Lakshmanan, P.T.
Date Issued 2012 (iso8601)
Abstract India tops the list of countries with the highest number of diabetics. It represents
a spectrum of conditions characterized by hyperglycemia, with derangements in
carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. Cardiovascular disease, resulting from
damage to large blood vessels, causes death of 50% or more of people with diabetes.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from marine fatty fish are known to be
heart healthy constituents. PUFA are fatty acids with two or more double bonds
and are generally 18-22 carbons in length. The PUFA of marine origin are usually
rich in oleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic acids. Several
studies have described the beneficial effects of PUFA. In the present study we
investigated the hypolipidemic effect of PUFA concentrate prepared from fish oil,
in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. Adult male albino rats were divided
into three groups: Group I: non-diabetic control; Group II: diabetic control; Group
III: diabetic rats treated with PUFA concentrate, administered via an intragastric
tube (0.6 ml/rat), at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 27 consecutive days after the induction
of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection with streptozotocin
for groups II and III. Lipid parameters like total cholesterol, triglyceride
and free fatty acids and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in heart and plasma; and
lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL) and creatine kinase in heart were measured. In
diabetes-induced rats, heart and plasma content of lipid fractions were increased;
plasma LPL activity and HDL-C were decreased; and heart LPL activity was increased
and creatine kinase activity was decreased. The oral administration of PUFA concentrate
reduced the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in heart
and plasma; increased HDL-C and plasma LPL activity and reduced VLDL and LDL
levels in plasma; and decreased LPL activity and increased creatine kinase activity
in heart of rats as compared with the diabetic control rats. These results suggest
that the PUFA extract protected the Group III rats from the diabetes-induced alterations
in the lipid metabolism. In the present study supplementation of PUFA
did not alter the state of glycaemia but significantly reduced the levels of circulating
lipids and lipoproteins, viz. total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL-C, triglycerides
and free fatty acids in diabetic rats. Also PUFA supplemented rats have shown a
significant increase in the activity of plasma LPL activity which may be responsible
for the lowering of various lipid fractions in plasma as well as heart tissue. PUFA
supplementation may have helped in lowering the circulating levels of LDL, VLDL
and triglycerides by one or more of the following mechanisms, viz., a reduction in
the absorption of dietary fatty acids, thereby reducing VLDL formation in the gut,
enhanced plasma lipoprotein lipase activity and a reduction in the hepatic VLDL
synthesis and secretion.
Genre Article
Identifier J. Biomed. Sci. 1(1): 1-7