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Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality

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Title Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality
 
Creator Chirinda, Ngonidzashe
Arenas-Calle, Laura N.
Katto, María Cristina
Loaiza, Sandra
Correa, Fernando
Isthitani, Manabu
Loboguerrero Rodriguez, Ana María
Martínez Barón, Deissy
Graterol Matute, Eduardo Jose
Jaramillo, Santiago
Torres, Carlos Felipe
Arango, Miguel
Guzmán, Myriam
Avila, Ivan
Hube, Sara
Kurtz, Ditmar Bernardo
Zorrilla, Gonzalo
Terra, Jose
Irisarri, Pilar
Tarlera, Silvana
LaHue, Gabriel
Scivittaro, Walkyria Bueno
Noguera, Aldo
Bayer, Cimelio
 
Subject climate change
food security
agriculture
greenhouse gases
methane
nitrous oxide
irrigation
 
Description The burgeoning demand for rice in Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) exceeds supply, resulting in a rice deficit. To overcome this challenge, rice production should be increased, albeit sustainably. However, since rice production is associated with increases in the atmospheric concentration of two greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), the challenge is on ensuring that production increases are not associated with an increase in GHG emissions and thus do not cause an increase in GHG emission intensities. Based on current understanding of drivers of CH4 and N2O production, we provide here insights on the potential climate change mitigation benefits of management and technological options (i.e., seeding, tillage, irrigation, residue management) pursued in the LAC region. Studies conducted in the LAC region show intermittent irrigation or alternate wetting and drying of rice fields to reduce CH4 emissions by 25–70% without increasing N2O emissions. Results on yield changes associated with intermittent irrigation remain inconclusive. Compared to conventional tillage, no-tillage and anticipated tillage (i.e., fall tillage) cause a 21% and 25% reduction in CH4 emissions, respectively. From existing literature, it was unambiguous that the mitigation potential of most management strategies pursued in the LAC region need to be quantified while acknowledging country-specific conditions. While breeding high yielding and low emitting rice varieties may represent the most promising and possibly sustainable approach for achieving GHG emission reductions without demanding major changes in on-farm management practices, this is rather idealistic. We contend that a more realistic approach for realizing low GHG emitting rice production systems is to focus on increasing rice yields, for obvious food security reasons, which, while not reducing absolute emissions, should translate to a reduction in GHG emission intensities. Moreover, there is need to explore creative ways of incentivizing the adoption of promising combinations of management and technological options.
 
Date 2018-03-01
2018-03-07T11:52:36Z
2018-03-07T11:52:36Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Chirinda N, Arenas L, Katto M, Loaiza S, Correa F, Isthitani M, Loboguerrero AM, Martinez-Baron D, Graterol E, Jaramillo S, Torres CF, Arango M, Guzman M, Avila I, Hube S, Kurtz DB, Zorrilla G, Terra J, Irisarri P, Tarlera S, LaHue G, Scivittaro WB, Noguera A, Bayer C. 2018. Sustainable and Low Greenhouse Gas Emitting Rice Production in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review on the Transition from Ideality to Reality. Sustainability 10(3):671.
2071-1050
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/91520
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030671
PII-LAM_CSA_LamNet
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-4.0
Open Access
 
Publisher MDPI
 
Source Sustainability