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Chitosan-triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodelling of the plant metabolome and proteome

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Title Chitosan-triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodelling of the plant metabolome and proteome
 
Creator Narula, Kanika
Elagamey, Eman
Abdellatef, Magdi A.E.
Sinha, Arunima
Ghosh, Sudip
Chakraborty, Niranjan
Chakraborty, Subhra
 
Subject Plant fungal interaction
extracellular matrix
chitosan triggered immunity
vascular wilt
chickpea
quantitative proteomics
metabolomics
 
Description Accepted date: 14 March 2020
Pathogen/microbe associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) initiate complex defense responses by reorganizing the biomolecular dynamics of the host cellular machinery. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a physical scaffold that prevents recognition and entry of phyto‐pathogens, while guard cells perceive and integrate signals metabolically. Although chitosan is known MAMP implicated in plant defense, the precise mechanism of chitosan‐triggered immunity (CTI) remains unknown. Here, we show how chitosan imparts immunity against fungal disease. Morpho‐histological examination revealed stomatal closure accompanied by reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as early responses in chitosan‐treated seedlings upon vascular fusariosis. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed ECM fortification leading to oligosaccharide signaling, as documented by increased galactose, pectin and associated secondary metabolites. Multiomics approach using quantitative ECM proteomics and metabolomics identified 325 chitosan‐triggered immune‐responsive proteins (CTIRPs) notably novel ECM structural proteins, LYM2 and receptor‐like kinases, and 65 chitosan‐triggered immune‐responsive metabolites (CTIRMs), including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty alcohols, organic and amino acids. Identified proteins and metabolites are linked to ROS production, stomatal movement, root nodule development and root architecture coupled with oligosaccharide signaling that leads to Fusarium resistance. The cumulative data demonstrate that ROS, NO and eATP govern CTI, in addition to induction of PR proteins, CAZymes and PAL activities, besides accumulation of phenolic compounds downstream of CTI. The immune‐related correlation network identified functional hubs in the CTI pathway. Altogether, these shifts led to the discovery of chitosan‐responsive networks that cause significant ECM and guard cell remodeling and translate ECM cues into cell fate decisions during fusariosis.
This work was supported by grants from Department of
Biotechnology, Govt. of India (No. BT/PR10796/BRB/10/621/2008, BT/HRD/35/01/05/2013,
BT/PR23748/BPA/118/345/2017 and BT/PR25260/NER/95/1102/2017) and National Institute of
Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India to S.C. E.E. is the recipient of post-doctoral fellowship
from DBT-TWAS. M.A. was the recipient of post-doctoral fellowship from DBT-TWAS. K.N. is
the recipient of post-doctoral fellowship from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of
India. Financial support from the DBT-RA program in Biotechnology and Life Sciences is
gratefully acknowledged. A.S. is the recipient of pre-doctoral fellowship from the Council of
Scientific and Industrial research (CSIR), Govt. of India. S.G. is the recipient of Science and
Engineering Research Board (SERB), DST, Govt. of India. Authors also thank Mr. Jasbeer Singh
for illustrations and graphical representations in the manuscript.
 
Date 2020-03-16T09:28:39Z
2020-03-16T09:28:39Z
2020
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Plant Journal, 103: 561-583
1365-313X
https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14750
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/tpj.14750
http://223.31.159.10:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1047
 
Language en_US
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher John Wiley & Sons