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Genomics and breeding innovations for enhancing genetic gain for climate resilience and nutrition traits

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/11866/
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03847-6
doi:10.1007/s00122-021-03847-6
 
Title Genomics and breeding innovations for enhancing genetic gain for climate resilience and nutrition traits
 
Creator Sinha, P
Singh, V K
Bohra, A
Kumar, A
Reif, J C
Varshney, R K
 
Subject Climate Resilient Technologies
Genetics and Genomics
Food and Nutrition
 
Description Key message Integrating genomics technologies and breeding methods to tweak core parameters of the breeder’s
equation could accelerate delivery of climate-resilient and nutrient rich crops for future food security.
Abstract Accelerating genetic gain in crop improvement programs with respect to climate resilience and nutrition traits,
and the realization of the improved gain in farmers’ fields require integration of several approaches. This article focuses on
innovative approaches to address core components of the breeder’s equation. A prerequisite to enhancing genetic variance
(σ2g) is the identification or creation of favorable alleles/haplotypes and their deployment for improving key traits. Novel
alleles for new and existing target traits need to be accessed and added to the breeding population while maintaining genetic
diversity. Selection intensity (i) in the breeding program can be improved by testing a larger population size, enabled by
the statistical designs with minimal replications and high-throughput phenotyping. Selection priorities and criteria to select
appropriate portion of the population too assume an important role. The most important component of breeder′s equation
is heritability (h2). Heritability estimates depend on several factors including the size and the type of population and the
statistical methods. The present article starts with a brief discussion on the potential ways to enhance σ2g in the population.
We highlight statistical methods and experimental designs that could improve trait heritability estimation. We also offer a
perspective on reducing the breeding cycle time (t), which could be achieved through the selection of appropriate parents,
optimizing the breeding scheme, rapid fixation of target alleles, and combining speed breeding with breeding programs
to optimize trials for release. Finally, we summarize knowledge from multiple disciplines for enhancing genetic gains for
climate resilience and nutritional traits.
 
Publisher Springer
 
Date 2021-05
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/11866/1/s00122-021-03847-6.pdf
Sinha, P and Singh, V K and Bohra, A and Kumar, A and Reif, J C and Varshney, R K (2021) Genomics and breeding innovations for enhancing genetic gain for climate resilience and nutrition traits. Theoretical and Applied Genetics (TSI), 134 (6). pp. 1829-1843. ISSN 0040-5752