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Water budgeting in conservation agriculture-based sub-surface drip irrigation using HYDRUS-2D in rice under annual rotation with wheat in Western Indo-Gangetic Plains

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Title Water budgeting in conservation agriculture-based sub-surface drip irrigation using HYDRUS-2D in rice under annual rotation with wheat in Western Indo-Gangetic Plains
 
Identifier https://hdl.handle.net/11529/10548769
 
Creator Rana, Biswajit
Parihar, CM
Nayak, HS
Patra, Kiranmoy
Singh, VK
Singh, DK
Pandey, Renu
Abdallah, Ahmed
Gupta, N.
Sidhu, HS
Gerard, B.
Jat, ML
 
Publisher CIMMYT Research Data & Software Repository Network
 
Description Rapidly depleting groundwater in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) is a major threat to food security in South
Asia. Conventional tillage-based and flood irrigated puddled transplanted rice (PTR) is a major contributor to
faster depleting aquifers. Urgent actions are therefore warranted to develop alternate productive, profitable,
water and N-use efficient rice production practices for rice-wheat (RW) cropping system. Conservation agriculture
(CA) based direct-seeded rice (DSR) has been advocated as a potential alternative to PTR. Further,
bundling CA with precision water and N management using sub-surface drip irrigation (SSD) has demonstrated
significant benefits over CA-based flood irrigation (FI). However, for more efficient use of water, water budgeting
is needed which is a challenging task as it requires expensive tools, and time, and efforts. Information about
complete water budgeting in high water demanding crops like rice grown under CA-based SSD, FI, and PTR are
not available. We deployed HYDRUS-2D model for estimating water budgeting of rice under CA+ (CA-based
SSD), CA-based FI, and PTR-based systems. The objective of our study was to calibrate and validate the HYDRUS-
2D model to simulate water dynamics in rice grown under CA-based SSD and FI compared to PTR and to design
water and N- use efficient production practices for rice cultivation in western IGP. Five treatments comprised of
PTR+FI with 120 kg N ha􀀀 1 (PTR), zero-till direct-seeded rice (ZTDSR)+FI without N (ZT-N0), ZTDSR+FI with
100% of N recommended dose (ZT-N100), ZTDSR+SSD without N (SSD-N0), and ZTDSR+SSD with 100% of Nrecommended
dose (SSD-N100) were compared. The result showed that the HYDRUS-2D model satisfactorily
simulated the soil moisture content with low root mean square error (RMSE) (0.014–0.028), high coefficient of
determination (74–92%), and model efficiency (59–87%) during the simulation period (80 days: 35–114 days
after sowing). The highest grain yield (7.18 t ha􀀀 1) was observed in the PTR treatment, which was statistically
similar to SSD-N100 (6.54 t ha􀀀 1) and significantly higher than ZT-N100. During the simulation period, PTR
plots received 131.7 cm of water (rainfall + irrigation) which was 27.3% and 50.1% higher than ZT-N100 and
SSD-N100 plots, respectively. Out of the cumulative water applied, PTR transpired only 18.4% of applied water,
compared to 24% in ZT-N100 and 36.3% in SSD-N100. Interestingly, SSD-N100 plots recorded 20.6% and 23.5%
less evaporative loss and 45.0% and 66.0% less water loss by deep drainage than ZT-N100 and PTR, respectively.
Thus, conversion to CA+ system with 100% N-recommended dose saved 50.1% and 31.3% of water, and
consequently attained 2.0 and 1.45-times higher biomass water use efficiency than PTR and ZT-N100, respectively.
Based on the results, CA-based SSD could be recommended for precise utilization of water and to curtails
the unproductive water loss components such as evaporation and deep drainage.
 
Subject Agricultural Sciences
 
Language English
 
Contributor KALVANIA, Kailash Chandra