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The opportunistic nature of gut commensal microbiota

DIR@IMTECH: CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology

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Title The opportunistic nature of gut commensal microbiota
 
Creator Dey, Priyankar
Chaudhuri, Saumya Ray
 
Subject QR Microbiology
 
Description The abundance of gut commensals has historically been associated with health-promoting effects despite the fact that the definition of good or bad microbiota remains condition-specific. The beneficial or pathogenic nature of microbiota is generally dictated by the dimensions of host-microbiota and microbe-microbe interactions. With the increasing popularity of gut microbiota in human health and disease, emerging evidence suggests opportunistic infections promoted by those gut bacteria that are generally considered beneficial. Therefore, the current review deals with the opportunistic nature of the gut commensals and aims to summarise the concepts behind the occasional commensal-to-pathogenic transformation of the gut microbes. Specifically, relevant clinical and experimental studies have been discussed on the overgrowth and bacteraemia caused by commensals. Three key processes and their underlying mechanisms have been summarised to be responsible for the opportunistic nature of commensals, viz. improved colonisation fitness that is dictated by commensal-pathogen interactions and availability of preferred nutrients; pathoadaptive mutations that can trigger the commensal-to-pathogen transformation; and evasion of host immune response as a survival and proliferation strategy of the microbes. Collectively, this review provides an updated concept summary on the underlying mechanisms of disease causative events driven by gut commensal bacteria.
 
Publisher Taylor and Francis Online
 
Date 2022-10-18
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Relation https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1040841X.2022.2133987?journalCode=imby20
http://crdd.osdd.net/open/3027/
 
Identifier Dey, Priyankar and Chaudhuri, Saumya Ray (2022) The opportunistic nature of gut commensal microbiota. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY. pp. 1-25.