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LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT BHIMANAHALLI-2 (4D5B1N2b) MICROWATERSHED Sydhapura Hobli , Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka

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Title LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT BHIMANAHALLI-2 (4D5B1N2b) MICROWATERSHED Sydhapura Hobli , Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka
Not Available
 
Creator Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh
 
Subject Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project
 
Description Not Available
The land resource inventory of Bhimanahalli-2 Microwatershed was conducted
using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour
composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic
delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several
transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units.
Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate
the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent,
characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the
microwatershed.
The present study covers an area of 642 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka.
The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual
rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138
mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of
592 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils, 50 ha by others (habitation and water
body). The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly
below.
 The soils belong to 3 soil series and 4 soil phases (management units) and 3
land management units.
 The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st
week of June to 4th week of October.
 From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like
land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available
water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated.
 Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated
based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval.
 Land suitability for growing 26 major agricultural and horticultural crops
was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with
constraints were generated.
 Entire area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture.
 About 87 per cent soils in the microwatershed are very deep (>150 cm) and
5 per cent soils are moderately shallow (50-75 cm).
 Entire area in the microwatershed has clayey soils at the surface.
 About 86 per cent area in the microwatershed is non gravelly (200 mm/m) in
available water capacity and 5 per cent is low (51-100 mm/m).
 Entire area in the microwatershed has very gently sloping (1-3% slope)
lands.
 Entire area in the microwatershed is moderately (e2) eroded.
 An area of about 5 per cent is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction, 84 per
cent soils is slightly to moderately alkaline (pH 7.3-8.4) and about 4 per
cent soils are strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 - 9.0).
 The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the entire soils in the microwatershed
are non saline (57 kg/ha).
 Less than 1 per cent area is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in available potassium
and 92 per cent is high (>337 kg/ha).
 Available sulphur is low (20 ppm) in 50 per cent
area of the microwatershed.
 Available boron is low (1.0 ppm) in 7 per cent
area.
 Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 71 per cent area and deficient in
21 per cent area of the microwatershed.
 Available manganese and copper are sufficient in all the soils of the
microwatershed.
 Available zinc is deficient (0.6 ppm) in 31 per cent area of the microwatershed.
 The land suitability for 26 major crops grown in the microwatershed were
assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable
(S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be
suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be
decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs,
marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply
position.
Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed
Crop
Suitability
Area in ha (%)
Crop
Suitability
Area in ha (%)
Highly
suitable
(S1)
Moderately
suitable
(S2)
Highly
suitable
(S1)
Moderately
suitable
(S2)
Sorghum 561(87) 31(5) Sapota - -
Maize - 592(92) Pomegranate - 561(87)
Bajra - 592(92) Musambi 451(70) 110(17)
Groundnut - 31(5) Lime 451(70) 110(17)
Sunflower 451(70) 110(17) Amla 110(17) 482(75)
Redgram - 561(87) Cashew - -
Bengal gram 561(87) 31(5) Jackfruit - -
Cotton 561(87) 31(5) Jamun - 561(87)
Chilli - 592 (92) Custard apple 561(87) 31(5)
Tomato - 482(75) Tamarind - 561(87)
Drumstick - 561(87) Mulberry - -
Mango - - Marigold - 592(92)
Guava - - Chrysanthemum - 592(92)
 Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been
prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately
suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre
and other horticulture crops.
 Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land
resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change.
For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic
soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,
 Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in
identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.
 As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to
be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the
hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm
income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would
help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the
climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
 The survey was conducted in Bhimanahalli-2 is located at North latitude 160 32’
4.587” and 160 30' 8.645" and East longitude 770 13’ 4.587'' and 770 11’ 53.709”
covering an area of about 641.91 ha coming unde Bheemanahalli, Belagundi and
Gondedagi Villages of Yadagiri taluk.
 Socio-economic analysis of Bhimanahalli-2 micro watersheds of Belagunda subwatershed,
Yadgiri taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 35
farmers were sampled in Bhimanahalli-2 micro-watershed among households
surveyed 10 (28.57%) were marginal, 8 (22.86%) were small, 9 (25.71 %) were
semi medium, 3 (8.57 %) were medium and 1 (2.86 %) were large farmers. 4
landless farmers were also interviewed for the survey.
 The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 87
(50.88%) men and 84 (49.12 %) were women. The average population of landless
was 5.3, marginal farmers were 4.6, small farmers 5, semi medium farmers were
4.8, medium farmers were 5.7 and large farmers were 4.
 Majority of the respondents (43.27%) were in the age group of 16-35 years.
 Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 32.16 per cent
illiterates, 69.00 per cent pre university education and 3.51 per cent attained
graduation.
 About, 60.00 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 40.00 per cent
of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers.
 Agriculture was the major occupation for 34.50 per cent of the household
members.
 In the study area, 85.71 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.86
per cent possess pucca house.
 The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 51.43 per cent possess
TV, 5.71 per cent possess mixer grinder, 97.14 per cent possess mobile phones and
5.71 per cent possess motor cycles.
 Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 17.14 per cent of the
households possess plough, 2.86 per cent possess tractor, 11.43 per cent possess
bullock cart and 2.86 per cent possess sprayer.
 Regarding livestock possession by the households, 2.86 per cent possess local cow.
 The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own labour men
available in the micro watershed was 1.4, women available in the micro watershed
was 1.26, hired labour (men) available was 9.29 and hired labour (women)
available was 17.86.
 In the study area, about 0.58 per cent of the respondents migrated from the micro
watershed in search of jobs with an average distance of 60.00 kms for about 5.00
months.
2
 Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 52.06 per cent (47.64 ha) of
the area is under dry condition and the remaining 47.94 per cent area is irrigated
land.
 There were 10.00 live bore wells and 10.00 dry bore wells among the sampled
households.
 Bore well was the major source of irrigation for 28.57 per cent of the households.
 The major crops grown by sample farmers are Paddy, Cotton, Jowar and cropping
intensity was recorded as 100.00 per cent.
 Out of the sample households 77.14 percent possessed bank account and 14.29 per
cent of them have savings in the account.
 About 97.14 per cent of the respondents borrowed credit from various sources.
 Among the credit borrowed by households, 76.47 per cent have borrowed loan
from commercial banks and 5.88 per cent from co-operative/Grameena bank.
 Majority of the respondents (94.12%) have borrowed loan for agriculture purpose.
 Regarding the opinion on institutional sources of credit, 52.94 per cent of the
households opined that credit helped to perform timely agricultural operations.
 The per hectare cost of cultivation for Paddy, Cotton and Jowar was Rs.36691.84 ,
33964.25 and 21455.24 with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.3, 1: 1.6 and 1:1.7
respectively.
 Further, 28.57 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate.
 The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 93602.86 in microwatershed,
of which Rs. 62488.57 comes from agriculture.
 Sampled households have grown 6 forestry trees together in the fields and back
yards.
 About 42.86 per cent of the households shown interest to cultivate horticultural
crops.
 Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 4800.00 for land
development and Rs. 5942.86 for irrigation facility.
 Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 20.00 per cent depends on
own funds.
 Regarding marketing channels, 5.71 per cent of the households have sold
agricultural produce to the local/village merchants, while, 85.71 per cent have sold
in regulated markets.
 Further, 17.14 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of
agriculture commodity.
 Majority of the farmers (85.71%) have experienced soil and water erosion
problems in the watershed and 82.86 per cent of the households were interested
towards soil testing.
 Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 80.00 per cent of the
households and 17.14 per cent households has LPG connection.
3
 Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 100.00 per cent of the
households.
 Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households.
 In the study area, 40.00 per cent of the households possess toilet facility.
 Regarding possession of PDS card, 100.00 per cent of the households possessed
BPL card.
 Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (42.86%), pulses (31.43%) and
oilseeds (17.14%) are adequate for consumption.
 Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were
lower fertility status of the soil (45.71%) wild animal menace on farm field
(31.43%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (40.00%), inadequacy of
irrigation water (80.00%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals
(85.71%), high rate of interest on credit (80.00%), low price for the agricultural
commodities (88.57%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (82.86%),
inadequate extension services (5.71%), lack of transport for safe transport of the
agricultural produce to the market (51.43%).
Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project
 
Date 2020-08-25T07:24:30Z
2020-08-25T07:24:30Z
2019-12-31
 
Type Project Report
 
Identifier Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019), “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Bhimanahalli-2 (4D5B1N2b) Microwatershed, Sydhapura Hobli, Yadgir Taluk & District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.165, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. P.91 & 33.
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40205
 
Language English
 
Relation 165;
 
Publisher ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project)