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Development and evaluation of improved saddle of yak for enhancement of packload capacity on steep slopes in hills - A case study in NER

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Title Development and evaluation of improved saddle of yak for enhancement of packload capacity on steep slopes in hills - A case study in NER
Not Available
 
Creator Tiwari R. K.
Chauhan, S.K.
Din, M.
Rautaray, S.K.
Chaudhuri, Deepak
 
Subject Pack-load, highlanders, saddle, work output, steep slope, cost effectiveness
 
Description Not Available
The Yak rearing states of India are Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and
Jammu and Kashmir. The total number of Yaks were 65000 (Indian Livestock Census
2003) in India including 7000 in Sikkim. There were number of phenotypic types among
Indian Yak. The common Yak resembled medium size hill cattle in conformation.
Bisonian Yak were found as bigger animals having bare back, long body and little hair on
their backs. Among the ten colour patterns available in India, the majority were black
(29%) and black with white patches (40%). Some are of brown with white patches. Yak in
Sikkim are generally used as pack animals for transport of goods and for riding and
trekking. Yak is an important animal in high hills and snow bound areas due to their
unique ability to survive in extreme cold climates. Yak is the main-stay for the
highlander’s dwellings in mid and higher reaches of Sikkim providing transport. In
Arunachal Pradesh (District: West Kamrang, location Derang hills), the local yak (weight
:350 kg) using traditional saddle (weight : 4.7 kg) showed pack load capacity of 80 kg
negotiating 60% slope for travelling 3 km in one hour duration. The respiration rate, pluse
rate of yak (weight: 350 kg, age: 3 years) increased 17% and 26% respectively for
covering one km distance slope negotiating 60%. The test trial of developed improved
saddle (weight: 3.2 kg) made using composite material was conducted at Thangu region
(Altitudes 4270 - 4800 m) in north Sikkim district. The maximum pack load of 120 kg
(three bags of potato each of 40 kg weight) on yak could be transported covering 5.5 km
distance (travel speed : 2.62 km/h) in two hour duration at steep up slope of 60 degree. It
showed that newly developed saddle was able to take 30% more load over traditional
saddle. The physiological responses (respiration rate/min, pulse rate/min and body
temperature in 0 C) were measured before and after the test trial. The result showed that
respiration rate, pulse rate and body temperature were increased by 22%, 31% and 1.7%
during two hours trial. The improved design of saddle provided higher work output besides
comfort to the animals. Replacement of saddle materials was considered keeping in view
the cost-effectiveness, light weight, cushioning effect with lower body surface friction and
easy availability and affordability.
Not Available
 
Date 2021-07-31T10:24:55Z
2021-07-31T10:24:55Z
2018-01-01
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
0970-6429
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/51721
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available