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Irrigation Water Saving Techniques for Post-Rainy Season Crops in Deras Minor Command

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Title Irrigation Water Saving Techniques for Post-Rainy Season Crops in Deras Minor Command
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Creator K.G. Mandal
A.K. Thakur
Ashwani Kumar
H. Chakraborty
D.K. Kundu
S. Mohanty
P.S. Brahmanand
M.K. Sinha
 
Subject Irrigation Water
Post-Rainy Season
Minor Command
 
Description Not Available
Irrigation water saving and enhancing water use efficiency is of prime importance for post-rainy season crops. Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years to study different planting techniques of dry season crops viz. groundnut and potato under different irrigation regimes at the DWM (formerly WTCER) Research Farm, Mendhasal under Deras minor command. In a separate experiment, drip irrigation method was also evaluated for maize, cowpea, sunflower and tomato. The agronomic practices were developed for rice production in summer season under aerobic method of cultivation with the aim to save irrigation water. The experimental site and soil were characterized; weather data especially daily rainfall, pan evaporation were recorded for every year. Soil moisture was monitored regularly. The observation on crop physiological parameters viz. interception of PAR, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and soil physical parameters like soil organic carbon, soil temperature with respect to differential soil moisture regime; root growth, crop growth, crop yield (pod yield, haulm dry matter for groundnut & tuber yield and haulm yield for potato), and irrigation water parameters like irrigation water depth, ET, WUE and irrigation water use efficiency. The pod and haulm yield of groundnut in ridge & furrow planting and paired row planting were significantly greater than flat bed method. The higher pod yield (13-20%) was due to the better soil moisture extraction and greater interception of photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) by the crop canopy, as was evident from the recorded data on changes in soil moisture (ΔS) and IPAR. Irrigation water saving was 27 and 41% and in ridge & furrow and paired row method of planting, respectively compared to flat method of planting with the increase in WUE of the crop and IWUE. The paired row method of planting for potato at 75 x 20 cm saved a significant amount of
irrigation water compared to normal planting without reducing fresh tuber yield. The depth of irrigation for potato decreased in paired row planting compared to normal, implying a significant reduction in irrigation water requirement by 21-32%. The efficient planting techniques significantly enhanced the crop WUE.The soil organic carbon ranged from 5.48-5.74 g/kg soil in the 0-15 cm and 4.57-4.83 g/kg soil in 15-30 cm soil depth. The studies on nutrient uptake viz. kernel -N uptake and haulm -N uptake by groundnut was determined. Kernel -N uptake ranged from 23.32 kg/ha in flat bed planting of groundnut under one irrigation to 42.70 kg/ha in paired row planting of groundnut under four irrigation. The economics of groundnut and potato cultivation i.e., operation cost, economic return, and benefit cost ratio was estimated to study the economic feasibility of paired row planting methods. For groundnut, the B/C ratio was the lowest in flat-bed planting under one irrigation
and it was the highest in paired row planting under four irrigation; and for potato, the ratio was the lowest in paired row planting at 100 x 15 cm receiving two irrigation and the highest in paired row planting at 75 x 20 cm under five irrigation. Thus, saving of irrigation water and enhancing of WUE of dry season crops in rice-based systems in canal commands would be possible through paired row planting techniques. By drip irrigation method water saving was 29, 3, 13 and 30% in maize, cowpea, sunflower and tomato, respectively over the furrow irrigation. The irrigation water use efficiency increased by 11-36% when drip irrigation was used. Field experiments on aerobic rice systems revealed that the rice varieties viz. 'Surendra', 'Apo' and 'Lalat' showed the highest yield potential between 3.9 and 4.6 t/ha under aerobic conditions with soil moisture at 80-90% of field capacity throughout the growing season. Water input as a pre-sowing irrigation was estimated as 54-62 mm for aerobic rice, and 362-401 mm for wet land preparation for traditional flooded rice. On average, water input during crop growth stage was 506 mm for aerobic rice and 882 mm for traditional flooded rice. In total, saving potential of water input was 42-60% with aerobic rice when compared to traditional flooded rice.Studies on irrigation x N interaction on aerobic rice revealed that a highest grain yield of 4.4 t/ha was obtained with N rate of 120 kg/ha receiving 780 mm irrigation for rice variety 'Surendra'. The next best combination viz. N rate of 80 kg/ha with 780 mm irrigation (3.84 t/ha ) and N rate of 120 kg/ha with 660 mm irrigation (3.61 t/ha ) were statistically similar. Irrespective of variety, aerobic rice with 120 N kg/ha with 780 mm irrigation gave the highest grain and straw yield of 4.24 and 6.63 t/ha, respectively.
Not Available
 
Date 2018-08-07T04:50:51Z
2018-08-07T04:50:51Z
2013
 
Type Technical Bulletin
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/6414
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Directorate of Water Management