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Crop-fish integration through land shaping models for enhancing farm income under eastern coastal region of India

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Title Crop-fish integration through land shaping models for enhancing farm income under eastern coastal region of India
Not Available
 
Creator Mandal, S., Burman, D., Bandyopadhyay, B. K., Mandal, U. K., Sarangi, S. K., Mahanta, K. K., Maji, B., Sharma, D. K., Maitra, N. J., Ghosal, T. K., Velmurugan, A., Ambast, S. K., Mani, P. K., Mandal, B., Patra, P., Patra, S. and De, S.
 
Subject crop, fish
 
Description Not Available
The coastal agro-ecosystem of the country occupies an area of about 10.8 million ha and are
spread over the 8129 km long coastline along the Bay of Bengal in the East coast and Arabian
sea in the West coast. The area is distributed among 9 States, 2 Union Territories and 2 group of
Islands. The land and water resources of the coastal zone in India are rich, valuable and underutilised.
Enhancing agricultural production can improve the food security and contribute to
poverty reduction. Current productivity of the farming systems including agriculture and
aquaculture are far below the inherent potential of the region. Agriculture under this marginal
environment of coastal salinity are typically charcterised with multi-faceted problems such as
waterlogged condition (during kharif season) or high salinity building up (during rabi season).
Farming operation often becomes risky due to natural calamities, which increases the risk of
farming or restricted the farm operation and ultimately increases the instability of farm income.
The strategies for improving the farming conditions in costal salt affected areas have been
focused primarily on two ways first developing salt tolerant crop varieties and second rainwater
harvesting through different land shaping models. Rice is the major crops grown in both seasons
(kharif and rabi) and therefore, high focus has been given on developing and dissemination of
salt tolerant rice varieties by research institutes under Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR). Several rice varieties have been evolved and continuous efforts are being made for
larger adoption. It has been generally observed that farmers are more keen to change their rice
varieties during rabi season as compared to kharif season. Preference of rice varieties during rabi
(short, salt tolerant, short duration, high yielding and better quality) and and kharif (tall, long
duration, non-lodging) seasons are distinctly different.
Besides developing improved rice varieties, several land shaping techniques have been quite
successful in enhancing farm production in the region. Land shaping techniques are changing the
configuration of land through soil excavation and making suitable for water harvesting, option
for multiple cropping and also reducing the soil and water salinity. These land shaping
techniques, particularly the farm pond and paddy-cum-fish models, are unique technology for
addressing the key challenges like land degradation (salinity), drainage congestion and scarcity
of fresh water for irrigation and in turn have the potential to enhancing production, productivity,
income and employment. These techniques particularly farm pond and paddy-cum-fish are
financially viable and attractive proposition for the coastal region. Some of the key impediments
for large-scale implementation of such interventions were marginal land holdings that too
divided into several parcels, high initial investment, and presence of acid sulphate soils near
surface or at shallow depth at places. For larger adoption of these technologies need to address
some key issues like socio-economic constraints, some of which can be addressed by research
level (land configuration, soil quality) some other at policy level (incentives). Community based
rainwater harvesting as well as common pool wasteland may be encouraged in this direction.
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Date 2018-11-12T08:47:54Z
2018-11-12T08:47:54Z
2015-01-01
 
Type Journal
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/10390
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available