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Optimizing dry and wet tillage for rice on a Gangetic alluvial soil: Effect on soil characteristics, water use efficiency and productivity of the rice–wheat system

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Title Optimizing dry and wet tillage for rice on a Gangetic alluvial soil: Effect on soil characteristics, water use efficiency and productivity of the rice–wheat system
Not Available
 
Creator B.S. Dwivedi, V.K. Singh, A.K. Shukla, M.C. Meena
 
Subject Pre-puddling tillage, Puddling, Bulk density, Nitrate-N, Root mass density, Rice–wheat
 
Description Not Available
The effect of puddling in reducing water and nitrogen losses, and increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields
and N uptake depends on its intensity and also on the level of pre-puddling tillage, although an increase
in the intensity of these operations involves excessive energy and may lead to a negative effect on the
yield of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to sub-soil compaction. A 3-year field experiment
was conducted on a sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) soil of Modipuram, India to study the interactive
effects of pre-puddling tillage and puddling intensity on irrigation water productivity (IWP) in rice, the
concentration of nitrate-N in the soil profile, and the performance of rice and wheat crops. Treatments
included 3 levels of pre-puddling tillage – discing followed by a tine-cultivation and planking (T1), discing
followed by 2 tine-cultivations and planking (T2), or discing followed by 4 tine-cultivations and planking
(T4); and 3 puddling intensities, i.e. 1, 2 or 4 passess of a puddler in ponded water (P1, P2 and P4, respectively),
each followed by planking. Increasing tillage levels from T1P1 to T4P4 decreased irrigation water
requirement by 22–25%, and increased rice grain yield by 1.6–2.2 t ha−1 and IWP by 0.26–0.34 kg m−3
in different years. The post-rice nitrate-N concentration in the soil further indicated the advantage of
puddling in retaining more nitrate-N in the upper profile, i.e. effective root zone. There was a significant
(p
≤
0.05) interaction between pre-puddling tillage and puddling intensity on puddling index, which was
the highest (0.63–0.65) under T4P4 during all years. Treatment T4P4 also increased bulk density over
T1P1, especially at 28–33 cm depth. This sub-soil compaction led to decreased wheat root mass density
and wheat grain yield; the adverse effect of excessive puddling on wheat yield increased with time. The
present study indicated 2 pre-puddling tillage operations followed by 2 passes of puddler, i.e. T2P2 as
the optimum tillage combination with respect to energy efficiency in rice, total annual productivity and
economic returns of the rice–wheat system.
Not Available
 
Date 2018-12-03T09:30:00Z
2018-12-03T09:30:00Z
2012-01-01
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Dwivedi, B. S., Singh, V. K., Shukla, A. K. and Meena, M. C. 2012. Optimizing dry and wet tillage for rice on a Gangetic alluvial soil: effect on soil characteristics, water use efficiency and productivity of the rice-wheat system. European Journal of Agronomy, 43: 155- 165.
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/15277
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Elsevier