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Productivity, essential oil yield, and heavy metal accumulation in lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under varied wastewater–groundwater irrigation regimes

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Title Productivity, essential oil yield, and heavy metal accumulation in lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) under varied wastewater–groundwater irrigation regimes
Not Available
 
Creator K Lal,
RK Yadav,
R Kaur,
DS Bundela,
M Chaudhary,
RL Meena, G Singh
 
Subject Aromatic and medicinal plants
Conjunctive use
Optimum loading
Metal contamination
Response function
 
Description Not Available
Huge quantities of wastewater generated from municipalities need to be disposed off at regulated rates
in non-edible crops viz. aromatic and medicinal plants to avoid food chain contamination and protecting
the valuable natural resources. For finding optimum loading rates, an experiment was conducted in
lysimeters during 2007–2010 on a sandy loam soil taking 5 irrigation depth:cumulative pan evaporation
water regimes (irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 ID:CPE) of primary treated wastewater, groundwater
and their conjunctive use and studied their effects on the herbage yield, essential oil yield, accumulation
of heavy metals in lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus). Averaged over water quality, herbage yield, dry
biomass and essential oil yield varied from 10.11 to 13.68; 3.02 to 3.99 kg m−2 and 53.6 to 70.1 mL m−2
and were 43, 32 and 30% higher at 1.0 ID:CPE compared to 0.6 ID:CPE, respectively. The yields obtained
at 1.0 and 1.2 ID:CPE were at par but significantly reduced with further wetter irrigation regime of 1.5
ID:CPE. Similar yields of lemon grass were obtained at various irrigation regimes of wastewater alone
or in conjunction with groundwater and on an average were significantly (16%) higher than the sole
use of groundwater. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in the herb ranged from 1.54 to 1.85, 3.27 to
4.04, 4.35 to 5.58 and 3.53 to 4.46 mg kg−1, respectively at different irrigation regimes. The accumulation
of heavy metals was the maximum in wastewater irrigated lemon grass which got reduced with
conjunctive mode and the least with groundwater irrigation. However, heavy metal concentrations in
essential oil were not influenced by the water application rates and water quality. In essential oil, Cd was
in traces whereas average Cr, Ni and Pb concentrations were 0.14, 0.10 and 0.04 ppm, respectively. Heavy
metal concentration both in herb and essential oil were well below the critical or permissible limit. With
wastewater irrigation, there was a significant improvement in soil fertility status. Heavy metals started
accumulating in soil but were well below the threshold level to reduce the crop growth. The results
demonstrated that lemon grass could be successfully grown using primary treated municipal wastewater
alone or in conjunction with groundwater at 1.0–1.2 ID:CPE for achieving higher crop productivity
without contamination of the end product – the essential oils.
Not Available
 
Date 2019-11-29T09:53:36Z
2019-11-29T09:53:36Z
2013-01
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/25870
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available