Record Details

Can microbes help crops cope with climate change?

KRISHI: Publication and Data Inventory Repository

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title Can microbes help crops cope with climate change?
Can microbes help crops cope with climate change?
 
Creator ICAR_CRIDA
 
Subject microbes, crops, cope, climate change
 
Description Not Available
Agriculture is considered to be one of the most vulnerable
sectors to climate change. The average temperature in the
Indian sub-continent has risen by 0.57°C in the last 100
years and models project that it is likely to rise further to
a maximum of 2.5°C by 2050 and 5.8°C by 2100. Besides
high temperature, elevated CO2
, extreme rainfall events,
more fl oods, cyclones, cold waves, heat waves and frost
are other effects likely to be witnessed as a result of global
warming. The irrigation requirement of crops in arid and
semi-arid regions is estimated to increase by 10% for every
1°C rise in temperature. These factors are likely to cause
serious negative impacts on crop growth and yields and impose severe pressure on our land and water resources.
Worldwide, extensive research is being carried out on
crop and livestock systems for coping with climate change
through development of heat- and drought-tolerant varieties,
shifting the crop calendars, resource management practices
such as zero tillage, improved methods of water harvesting
and irrigation effi ciencies etc. While most of these technologies are cost-intensive, recent studies indicate microorganisms can also be used to help crops cope with climate change
in a cost-effective manner [1]. The most important abiotic
stress factors that infl uence crops due to climate change include drought, heat wave, cold wave, chilling injury and
fl ooding. Rhizosphere and endorhizosphere microorganisms
are reported to help plants tolerate these abiotic stresses by
a variety of mechanisms including modifi cation of plant response at the gene level.
Timmusk and Wanger (1999) were the fi rst to show that
inoculation of Paenibacillus polymyxa confers drought
tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana through induction of
a drought responsive gene ERD15 [2]. Last decade saw
an explosion of publications reporting the benefi cial effects of microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
Arthrobacter, Pantoea, Burkholderia, Rhizobium etc. in
enhancing the tolerance of crops such as sunfl ower, maize,
wheat, chickpea, groundnut, spices and grapes to drought,
salinity, heat stress and chilling injury under controlled
conditions [3, 4]. The introduced microorganisms in the
rhizosphere enhance soil aggregation by production of EPS
thereby improving the water availability to plants during
dry periods [5], induce the synthesis of heat shock proteins
and osmoregulants such as proline, glycine betaine, help in
maintenance of cell membrane integrity [6], all of which
contribute to improved stress tolerance in plants. The introduced organisms also form biofi lms in the rhizosphere
which protect plants from surrounding harsh environments.
These researches open up new and exciting possibilities of
utilizing microorganisms as inoculants for enhancing tolerance of plants to climate change induced abiotic stresses.
These inoculants could form major component of the climate change ready technologies being developed globally
to help agriculture and livestock production to cope with
climate change. As many of such technologies are likely to
have intellectual property value, this fi eld offers immense
opportunities for young and active researchers.
Not Available
 
Date 2020-02-25T05:50:37Z
2020-02-25T05:50:37Z
2009
 
Type Technical Report
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/32502
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher B.Venkateshwarlu