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Agroforestry for Rehabilitation and Sustenance of Saline Ecologies

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Title Agroforestry for Rehabilitation and Sustenance of Saline Ecologies
Not Available
 
Creator R. Banyal, Rajkumar, Manish Kumar, R. K. Yadav, and Jagdish Chander Dagar
 
Subject Agroforestry · Climate moderation · Rehabilitation · Saline soils · Sustenance · Evaluations
 
Description Available
Saline soils constitute 15% of global landmass and have direct influence
on the production functions of the existing land uses. In India, 6.75 Mha area is salt-affected,
out of which 2.92 Mha are saline soils. The menace, increasing with each
passing year to the irrigated areas, has become a major concern. Agroforestry plays
a pivotal role in biological amelioration and check in further expansion of such
landmasses. It is always useful to have agroforestry models/systems for saline landmasses
by involving multipurpose nitrogen-fixing tree species, fruit trees, halophytes,
and arable crops of economic importance. The potential flora suitable to
saline soils has been identified based on tolerance level and climatic adaptability.
The successful planting methods, viz., ridge-trench, furrow, and subsurface planting
with furrow irrigation, have also been assessed and recommended for saline soils.
Plant adaptations to saline conditions involve complex physiological traits, metabolic
pathways, and molecular gene networks. These adaptive mechanisms to such
ecologies are basically governed by one of the three processes like exclusion, excretion,
and accumulation among trees and/or crops. In true sense, reclamation processes
also help to keep the salt away and/or within tolerable limits for growing
flora in the rhizosphere. Productive service functions of plants can be obtained from
saline soils by combining reclamation and management options in pragmatic way.
Sequential, agrisilviculture, agrihorticulture, silvopastoral, multipurpose wood lots,
saline aquaforestry, homestead gardens, and energy plantations are the biological
and economical viable recommended farm agroforestry practices in saline soils.
Prosopis cineraria (Khejri) for hot dryland, Eucalyptus tereticornis (Safeda), Melia
composita (Dek), Aegle marmelos (Bael), Emblica officinalis (Aonla), and Carissa
carandas (Karonda) for saline-irrigated area and Casuarina equisetifolia
(Casuarina), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Safeda), and Acacia nilotica (Babul) for coastal regions as agroforestry trees in system mode are successful in reclaiming the
saline soils with economic gains for sustenance. The benefits of agroforestry can be
grouped into biomass, soil/environment, and socioeconomic outputs. This chapter
highlights the issues in the quantification of the systems’ output in terms of existing
procedural protocols. The agroforestry has passed and transcends into variable
phases with the advancement as subject. Therefore, plausible future of the agroforestry
is presented by taking the cognizance of present needs and future challenges
in general and particular about saline soils. The holistic approaches of agroforestry
undoubtedly rehabilitate saline soils and certainly will give income in perpetuity,
employment generation, food and nutritional security and environmental safety for
inhabiting masses in arid and semiarid regions.
Not Available
 
Date 2019-11-07T04:06:35Z
2019-11-07T04:06:35Z
2017-01-01
 
Type Book chapter
 
Identifier 978-981-13-5831-9
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/24544
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher SpringerNature Singapore Pte. Ltd.