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Diagnosis and Management of Poor Quality Water and Salt Affected Soils

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Title Diagnosis and Management of Poor Quality Water and Salt Affected Soils
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Creator Lal Khajanchi
Meena R.L.
Gupta S.K.
Saxena C.K.
Singh Gajender
Singh Gurbachan
 
Subject Salt affected soils, saline, sodic, vertisols, gypsum, reclamation
 
Description Not Available
Salt-affected soils in India are broadly placed into two broad groups; sodic (alkali) soils and saline
soils. There are certain specific situations where saline-sodic soils also do exist. Since the management of
saline sodic soils will be more similar to that of the sodic soils, they are generally grouped with the sodic soil
category. The only management difference for their reclamation is that such soil needs extra water for
leaching of soluble salts before amendment application. The sodic soils have higher proportion of sodium in
relation to other cations in soil solution and on the exchange complex. Growth of most crop plants on sodic
soils is adversely affected because of impairment of physical conditions, disorder in nutrient availability and
suppression of biological activity due to high pH, exceeding even 10 in severe cases, and exchangeable
sodium percentage of up to 90% or so (Kanwar and Bhumbla, 1969). Salt solutions contain preponderance of
sodium carbonates and bicarbonates capable of alkaline hydrolysis, thereby saturating the absorbing complex
with sodium. The sodic soils of the Indo-Gangetic plain are generally gypsum (CaSO4 ยท2H2O) free but are
calcareous, with CaCO3 increasing with depth, which is present in amorphous form, in concretionary form, or
even as an indurate bed at about 1 m depth (Table 1). The accumulation of CaCO3 generally occurs within the
zone of fluctuating water table. The dominant clay mineral is illite. The processes which target the dissolution
of CaCO3 have significant role in reclamation of alkali or sodic soils. Crops like rice helps in reclaiming sodic
soils (Chhabra and Abrol, 1977). These soils are deficient in organic matter, available N, Ca, and Zn. Certain
micro-nutrients present problems of either deficiency or toxicity. Toxicities of Al, Mn, and Fe sometimes pose
problems for wheat when over- irrigated and results in yellowing of the crop. The major factors responsible for
formation of alkali soils in the Indo-Gangetic region include: irrigation with ground waters containing excessive
quantities of carbonate and bicarbonate ions, rise in groundwater due to introduction of canal irrigation and
salt laden runoff from the adjoining areas and undrained basins.
Not Available
 
Date 2019-11-25T04:59:44Z
2019-11-25T04:59:44Z
2008-12-01
 
Type Book
 
Identifier Lal, Khajanchi, Meena, R. L., Gupta S. K., Saxena, C. K., Singh Gajender and Singh, Gurbachan (2008). Diagnosis and Management of Poor Quality Water and Salt Affected Soils, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, p 311.
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/25139
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal