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FARM PONDS : A Climate Resilient Technology for Rainfed Agriculture

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Title FARM PONDS : A Climate Resilient Technology for Rainfed Agriculture
FARM PONDS : A Climate Resilient Technology for Rainfed Agriculture
 
Creator NICRA
 
Subject Excavated or Dug out ponds
 
Description Not Available
Rainfall is a basic resource for all the forms of water in semi arid tropics of India.
Though the annual average rainfall of the country is 1200 mm, it varies in both
space and time affecting the availability of water for different sectors. India uses
80% of the available water in agriculture keeping the remaining 20% for drinking,
industry and energy sectors. The growing population puts tremendous pressure
on the water resources. The annual per capita water availability has decreased
from 5000 m3
in 1950 to 1300 m3
in 2010 and projected to decrease further to
below 1000 m3 by 2025 (MOWR,2011). Added to this, the country may face
climate change in future predicting more frequent floods, droughts, extreme
events of rainfall etc. with increased temperature (IPCC, 2007). The food grain
production in India is contributed by irrigated and rainfed areas by 60% and
40% respectively. Irrigated areas have reached plateau in the yield but rainfed
areas are considered to offer future scope for increasing food production. Rainfed
area with 55% net cultivated area contribute 40% of food grains and support
60% of livestock population (NRAA,2011). Most of the pulse and oil seeds
production (80%) comes from rainfed areas. Rainfed areas suffer from severe
land degradation and poor socio economic base of farmers.
Several management options are available at the farm scale to increase rainfall
use efficiency. Some of these are management of crop residues to improve
infiltration and reduce sediment levels, construction of farm ponds for collection
of excess rainfall flowing from the farm area, crop rotations and soil amendments
(Freebairn et al., 1986). Several researchers have shown that on-farm runoff
collection into dugout farm ponds and supplemental irrigation can increase and
stabilize the crop production (Krishna et al., 1987). There is an abundant scope
and opportunity for harvesting excess runoff in the rainfed region in different
states of the country (Wani, et al., 2003, Sharma et al, 2009).
Government of India has introduced several schemes to improve the surface
water availability in irrigated and rainfed areas for enhancing the productivity
FARM PONDS
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and ground water recharge. Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
has been implemented successfully in most of the rainfed regions of the country with
major objective of the stabilizing crop production by controlling soil erosion in arable
and non-arable lands. Among several interventions, farm pond is the most important
and promissing technology in the integrated water shed management program with
other environmental benefits. Farm ponds would help the farmers for on farm water
management by using stored water for tackling the drought or dryspells during the
season which are common as given in Table1.
Considering the need and the current emphasis on on-farm rain water harvesting for
enhancing water productivity in rainfed regions by the Govt of India, the present
technical bulletin on Farm Ponds: Planning, design and construction is brought out
based on field experiences by CRIDA for the benefit of the implementing agencies
working in IWMP, State Govt depts, NGO’s, SAU’s. The bulletin describes a practical
approach for designing and construction of a farm pond.
Not Available
 
Date 2021-07-20T09:43:02Z
2021-07-20T09:43:02Z
2011-06-15
 
Type Technical Report
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/49190
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher NICRA