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Functional Genomics in Chicken (Gallus gallus) – Status and implications in poultry

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Title Functional Genomics in Chicken (Gallus gallus) – Status and implications in poultry
Not Available
 
Creator Dhanasekaran, S., Bhattacharya, T.K., Chatterjee, R.N., Paswan, C. and Dyushanth, K.
 
Subject cDNA
CpG
disease resistance
microarray
miRNA
production
 
Description Not Available
Chickens (Gallus gallus) were the !rst avian species selected for whole genome
sequencing because of their economic value, use as a food source, livelihood
security and research importance. Any living organism contains a galaxy of
genes which express all the phenotypes or characters by encoding proteins and
peptides, and playing regulatory roles in the biological system. Functional
genomics in turn, is a multidisciplinary approach to identify and demonstrate the
functional roles of genes and other regulatory molecules such as microRNA and
CpG methylation in biological pathways. In the last two decades, the chicken
genome database has made signi!cant advancements in accruing large amounts
of genomic information through employing advanced bio-informatic tools. Several
techniques such as cDNA microarray, serial analysis of gene expression, massively
parallel signature sequencing, cDNA subtractive hybridisation and next generation
sequencing have been utilised to investigate the genome-wide expression pro!le
instead of revealing expression pattern of one or a few genes in various avian
species. Expressed sequence tag or cDNA sequences are the key factors for
identi!cation of novel genes and understanding the complex molecular cascades
of ontology. A large-scale cDNA library has been constructed from embryonic
and adult tissues and consequently identi!ed the presence of about 19,000
functional genes in chickens. The micro RNAs play crucial role in gene
expression and to date, approximately 496 micro RNAs have been characterised.
The non-coding RNA alters gene expression involved in cellular process, by
modulating the chromatin architecture, transcription, RNA splicing, editing,
translation and turnover. Functional genomics studies have been extensively used
to identify genes associated with several production traits, immuno-genetic
mechanism, host-pathogen interaction, pathogen biology etc. Nutrigenomics have
determined the genomic mechanism involved in feed utilisation, metabolism and
cholesterol synthesis etc., which ultimately reveal potential applications for
improving the nutritional ef!ciency of birds. This review discusses the tools and
utility of functional genomics approaches in chicken.
Not Available
 
Date 2018-11-09T05:47:49Z
2018-11-09T05:47:49Z
2014-12-01
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
0043-9339 (Print), 1743-4777 (Online)
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/9849
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Cambridge University Press