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Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections

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Title Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections
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Creator Naveen Kumar, Shalini Sharma, Sanjay Barua, Bhupendra N. Tripathi, Barry T. Rouse
 
Subject bystander protection, diverse TCR repertoire, attrition, coinfection, cross reactivity, exclusion, persistence, virus
 
Description Coinfections involving viruses are being recognized to influence the disease
pattern that occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually
think of a clinical syndrome as the consequence of infection by a single virus that is
isolated from clinical specimens. However, this biased laboratory approach omits detection
of additional agents that could be contributing to the clinical outcome, including
novel agents not usually considered pathogens. The presence of an additional
agent may also interfere with the targeted isolation of a known virus. Viral
interference, a phenomenon where one virus competitively suppresses replication of
other coinfecting viruses, is the most common outcome of viral coinfections. In addition,
coinfections can modulate virus virulence and cell death, thereby altering disease
severity and epidemiology. Immunity to primary virus infection can also modulate
immune responses to subsequent secondary infections. In this review, various
virological mechanisms that determine viral persistence/exclusion during coinfections
are discussed, and insights into the isolation/detection of multiple viruses are
provided. We also discuss features of heterologous infections that impact the pattern
of immune responsiveness that develops.
Not Available
 
Date 2018-12-01T07:12:37Z
2018-12-01T07:12:37Z
2018-10-01
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/14814
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher American Society of Microbiology