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Pre-and postweaning attributes in faunated and ciliate-free calves fed calf starter with or without fish meal

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Title Pre-and postweaning attributes in faunated and ciliate-free calves fed calf starter with or without fish meal
Not Available
 
Creator A Sahoo
DN Kamra
NN Pathak
 
Subject rumen fermentation
calf starter
defaunation
animal protein
 
Description Not Available
In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 24 newborn, crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) calves were distributed in 4 equal groups involving dietary treatments of prestarter diets with (FM) or without fish meal (NFM) in a faunated (F) or ciliate - free (D) ruminal environment to study the ruminal fermentative development in pre - and postweaning periods. Defaunation was achieved by rearing calves in isolation and its effect was studied after first appearance of ciliate protozoa (observed after 8 wk of age) in the faunated animals. Calves were fed colostrum for 24 h and whole milk until weaning at 8 wk of age. Ruminal content samples were collected on d 4, 1 wk, weekly to 8 wk, and then biweekly at 9, 11, and 13 wk of age. The samples were analyzed for fermentation products [pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia N] and enzyme [carboxymethyl (CM) cellulase, xylanase, β - glucosidase, α - amylase, β - galactosidase, proteases, and urease] activities. Weekly feed intake increased with age, but was similar in both groups. Ruminal pH declined steadily during 0 to 4 wk of age and then stabilized. The total VFA concentration increased with the age. The ammonia N (mg/dL) concentration increased from 14.9 on d 4 to 32.4 at 4 wk, decreased to 17.6 at 8 wk, and then steadied during the postweaning period. Samples collected on d 4 had no fibrolytic activity. Xylanase (U/dL) appeared first (1 wk) followed by β - glucosidase (U/dL) and CM cellulase (U/dL), which increased steadily from a low of 4.69, 0.08, and 2.95 to 31.8 (6 wk), 5.92 (7 wk), and 19.8 (8 wk), respectively, and the concentrations showed nonsignificant alterations during postweaning periods. The concentration of α - amylase (U/dL) increased from 34.3 on d 4 to 87.2 at 8 wk, and then decreased to 56.6 (13 wk). β - Galactosidase increased up to 6 wk then decreased to trace level (0.20 U/dL) at 13 wk of age. The concentrations of proteases and urease reached a steady state after 1 wk of age. The effect of diet type on ruminal fermentation products and enzyme parameters was nonsignificant. However, a steady and proportional alteration in both parameters in response to dry feed intake with the advancement of age was seen in all calves. Defaunation increased total VFA (97.3 vs. 75.8 mM/L) and α - amylase activity (80.3 vs. 61.4 U/dL) and decreased ammonia N (16.4 vs. 21.1 mg/dL), whereas the effect on other parameters was nonsignificant. Ruminal fermentative changes responded to dry feed intake, but did not differ in response to animal protein in prestarter diet.
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Date 2021-03-08T08:37:03Z
2021-03-08T08:37:03Z
2005-06-01
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/45948
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Elsevier