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Interaction between stress hormones and phagocytic cells and its effect on the health status of dairy cows: A review

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Title Interaction between stress hormones and phagocytic cells and its effect on the health status of dairy cows: A review
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Creator Not Available
 
Subject dairy cattle, inflammatory diseases, leukocyte trafficking, macrophages, neutrophils
 
Description Not Available
Dairy cows are exposed to various stressors during their production cycle that makes them more susceptible to various
diseases. Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) are important soldiers of the innate immune system. Neutrophils are
the first responders to an inflammatory response and stress and kill pathogens by generating reactive oxygen species and by
the release of various antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, etc. Macrophages, the other
phagocytes, are also the cleanup crew for the innate immune system that removes debris, pathogens, and dead neutrophils
later on after an inflammatory response. The neuroendocrine system along with phagocytes exhibits an immunomodulatory
potential during stressful conditions. Neuroendocrine system directly affects the activity of phagocytes by communicating
bidirectionally through shared receptors and messenger molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or cytokines.
Different immune cells may show variable responses to each hormone. Short time exposure to stress can be beneficial, but
repeated or extended exposure to stress may be detrimental to the overall health and well-being of an animal. Although some
stresses associated with farming practices in dairy cows are unavoidable, better understanding of the interactions occurring
between various stress hormones and phagocytic cells can help to reduce stress, improve productivity and animal welfare.
This review highlights the role played by various stress hormones in modulating phagocytic cell performance of dairy cattle
under inflammatory conditions.
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Date 2021-08-12T06:14:51Z
2021-08-12T06:14:51Z
2020-09-10
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
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http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/55234
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available