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Mapping and characterization of salt affected and waterlogged soils in the Gangetic plain of central Haryana (India) for reclamation and management

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Title Mapping and characterization of salt affected and waterlogged soils in the Gangetic plain of central Haryana (India) for reclamation and management
 
Creator A.K. Mandal
 
Subject Sodic soil, poor quality water, remote sensing, reclamation, management, gypsum
 
Description Visual and digital analysis of IRS LISS III multi-temporal data was used for
identification and delineation of sodic soils and waterlogged areas in the Gangetic plain of
Central Haryana. Field validation and laboratory analysis for physical and chemical properties
facilitated development of map legends. High values for spectral reflectance were observed from
salty surfaces, and higher energy absorption in visible and infrared bands suggested the
identification of strongly sodic soils and surface waterlogging. The mixed spectral signatures for
salt, scattered crop covers and waterlogging were authenticated by field investigation. Saturation
of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 salts in soil and ground water caused alkalization and low soil
productivity. Fine soil texture and the presence of concretionary calcium carbonate layer at subsurface
depths tended to produce waterlogging. Sodic soils and sodic water can be reclaimed
with suitable amendments such as gypsum or pyrite
IRS LISS III Resource SAT data (2005-07) was integrated with ground truth and soil studies for
delineation and characterization of salt affected and waterlogged soils in the Indo-Gangetic plain
of central Haryana. The quality appraisal for salty ground water was also conducted prior to its
use for irrigation. Such studies are useful for planning reclamation and management of salt
affected soils and poor quality ground water. Strongly sodic soils were easily identified based on
the white to yellowish white tones, high spectral and low NDVI values. Waterlogged areas
(surface ponding) were detected based on higher absorption in infrared range. Sodic soils with
poor quality ground water showed higher reflectance from dry salts during June and freshly
precipitated moist salts in March and October. Sodic soils irrigated with normal ground water
showed higher cropping density and higher NDVI values. Moderately and slightly sodic soils
showed mixed spectral signatures for salt crusts, moderate cropping density and surface wetness.
Soil profile studies indicated higher moisture content at sub-surface depths. The presence of iron
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and manganese mottles indicated the incidences of water stagnation. Soils with high pHs, ESP
and SAR values and showing the dominance of carbonate and bicarbonates of sodium in the
saturation extract indicated sodic nature. Significant presence of CaCO3 concretions at 1 m depth,
low organic carbon contents, clay illuviation at sub-surface depth are typical features in sodic
soil profiles. Water samples with high pH and SAR values and at places high RSC (Residual
Sodium Carbonate) content indicated their sodic nature. Gypsum application is recommended for
the reclamation of sodic soils and sodic water.
 
Date 2017-04-01T08:54:56Z
2017-04-01T08:54:56Z
2016
 
Type Research Paper
 
Identifier Mandal, A. K. (2016). Mapping and characterization of salt-affected and waterlogged soils in the Gangetic plain of central Haryana (India) for reclamation and management. Cogent Geoscience, 2(1): 1213689.
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/3515
 
Language English
 
Publisher Cogent OA