LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT VANA BALLARY-1 (4D3A9A2b) MICRO WATERSHED Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka
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Title |
LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT VANA BALLARY-1 (4D3A9A2b) MICRO WATERSHED Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka
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Creator |
Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh
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Subject |
Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project
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Description |
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The land resource inventory of Ballary-1 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 537 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 87 per cent is covered by soils, 10 per cent by rock outcrops, 3 per cent by water bodies and 1 per cent by mining/industrial. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 16 soil series and 37 soil phases (management units) and 8 land management units. The length of crop growing period is 150 cm). About 2 per cent area in the microwatershed has sandy soils, 28 per cent area in the microwatershed has loamy soils and 57 per cent clayey soils at the surface. About 13 per cent area has non-gravelly (0.2 ppm) in available copper content. Available zinc is deficient (0.6 ppm) in 74 per cent area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 31 major crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 35(7) 150(28) Sapota - 114(21) Maize - 184(34) Pomegranate - 179(34) Bajra 16(3) 286(53) Guava - 113(21) Groundnut 10(2) 225(42) Jackfruit - 114(21) Sunflower 21(4) 61(11) Jamun - 144(27) Cotton 35(7) 151(28) Musambi 21(4) 159(30) Red gram - 82(15) Lime 21(4) 159(30) Bengalgram 35(7) 142(26) Cashew - 138(26) Chilli - 119(22) Custard apple 51(9) 277(51) Tomato - 119(22) Amla 16(3) 312(58) Brinjal 15(3) 128(24) Tamarind - 35(7) Onion 10(2) 67(12) Marigold - 185(34) Bhendi 10(2) 133(25) Chrysanthemum - 185(34) Drumstick 5(1) 76(14) Jasmine - 119(22) Mulberry 6(1) 199(37) Crossandra - 119(22) Mango - 6(1) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 8 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserves soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 107 (63.69%) men and 61 (36.31%) were women among the sampled households. The average family size of marginal farmers’ was 4.6, small farmers’ was 5.6, semi medium farmers’ was 5, medium farmers’ was 8.5 and for large farmers it was 8. The data indicated that, 39 (23.21%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 68 (40.48%) were in 16-35 years of age, 45 (26.79%) were in 36-60 years of age and 16 (9.52 %) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Ballary-1 had 39.29 per cent illiterates, 30.95 per cent of them had primary school education, 7.74 per cent of them had middle school education, 11.90 per cent of them had high school education, 4.76 per cent of them had PUC education, 1.79 per cent of them had diploma and 1.19 per cent of them had degree education. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of households were practicing agriculture in the micro watershed. Agriculture was the major occupation for 64.29 per cent of the household members, 0.6 per cent was in private service, 27.38 per cent were students, 2.38 per cent of them were housewives and 2.98 per cent were children. The results show that only one person (0.61%) from a small farm household participated in raitha sangha and remaining 99.40 per cent of the population did not participate in any local organization. The results shows that 61.29 per cent of the households possess TV, 38.71 per cent of the households possess Mixer grinder, 25.81 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 25.81 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 3.23 per cent of the households possess landline and radio, and 93.55 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The average value of television was Rs.7157, mixer grinder was Rs.4558, motor cycle was Rs.38750, bicycle was Rs.31500, mobile phone was Rs.2197, landline was Rs.3000 and bicycle was Rs.3000. About 25.81 per cent of the households possess plough, 3.23 per cent of them possess tractor, 9.68 per cent of them posses bullocks cart, sprinkler and harvester, 16.13 per cent of them seed/fertilizer drill and 25.81 per cent of them possess weeder. The average value of plough was Rs. 1,388, the average value of tractor was Rs. 600,000 and the average value of sprinkler was Rs.2,500, the average value of bullock cart Rs. 21,666, and the average value of weeder Rs. 280. The results indicate that, 29.03 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 32.26 per cent of the households possess local cow, 6.45 per cent of the households possess buffalo, 12.90 per cent of the households possess sheep, and 3.23 per cent of the households possess goat. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 3.7, average own labour (women) available was 2.5, average hired labour (men) available was 11.23 and average hired labour (women) available was 9.81. The results indicate that, 96.77 per cent of the household opined that hired labour was adequate and 3.23 per cent of the households opined that hired labour was inadequate. About 100 per cent of the marginal farmers, 90.91 per cent of small, 100 per cent of semi medium and 100 per cent of medium farmers have opined that hired labour was adequate The results indicate that, households of the Ballary-1 micro watershed possess 25.16 ha (59.25%) of dry land and 17.30 ha (40.75%) of irrigated land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 359,554.45 and average value of irrigated land was Rs. 271,555.55. The results indicate that, there were 9 functioning and 1 de-functioning bore well in the micro watershed. Bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed which was possessed by small farmers, medium farmers, semi medium farmers and large farmers. The depth of bore well was found to be 47.64 meters and the depth of open well was found to be 0.29 meters. The results indicate that, small farmers had 3.24 hectares, semi medium farmers had 2.83 hectares, medium farmers had 2.83 hectares and large farmers had 6.88 hectares of irrigated land. The results indicate that, farmers have grown Maize (20.15 ha), Pearl millet (13.85 ha), Groundnut (4.45 ha), Navane (1.21 ha), Paddy (0.81 ha) and Tomato (0.8 ha). Marginal farmers have grown maize, pearl millet and tomato. Small farmers have grown maize, pearl millet, groundnut, and paddy. Semi medium farmers have grown maize, pearl millet and groundnut. Medium farmers have grown maize and groundnut. Large farmers have grown maize and pearl millet. The cropping intensity in Ballary-1 micro watershed was found to be 43.43 per cent. In case of marginal farmers it was 11.34 per cent, for small farmers it was 85.63 per cent, in case of semi medium farmers it was 99.01 per cent, medium farmers had cropping intensity of 45.99 per cent and large farmers had 100 per cent. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for maize was Rs. 33170.77. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 36042.03. The net income from Maize cultivation was Rs. 2871.25, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.09. The total cost of cultivation for bajra was Rs. 32135.82. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 22480.80. The net income from bajra cultivation was Rs. - 9655.02. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.7. 3 The total cost of cultivation for navane was Rs. 44972.57. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 13924.63. The net income from navane cultivation was Rs.- 31047.95. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.31. The total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 37571.67. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 48237.45. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 10665.78. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.28. The total cost of cultivation for tomato was Rs. 54173.05. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 27170. The net income from tomato cultivation was Rs. - 27003.05, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.5. The total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs. 49427.01. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 33345. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. -16082. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.67. The results indicate that, 35.48 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate which includes 20 per cent of marginal, 54.55 per cent of small, 28.57 per cent of semi medium and 100 per cent of large farmers. Around 41.94 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder is adequate. The data also revealed that 6.45 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was inadequate and 3.23 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was inadequate. The results indicate that the average annual gross income was Rs. 35848 for marginal farmers, for small farmers it was Rs.64681, for semi medium farmers it was Rs.110285, for medium farmers it was Rs.229000 and for large farmers it was Rs.140000. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 10538.86. For marginal farmers it was Rs. 2130, for small farmers it was Rs. 4582, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 14571, for medium farmers it was Rs. 32500 and for large farmers it was Rs. 88000. The results indicate that, households have planted 57 neem trees, 2 eucalyptus and teak trees, 3 acacia trees, and 1 tamarind and peepul tree each. The results indicated that, bajra, groundnut, navane and tomato were sold to the extent of 100 per cent. Whereas, paddy was sold to the extent of 80 per cent and maize was sold to the extent of 97.52. The results indicated that, about 90.32 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants. Another 25.81 per cent of the households have sold through agents/traders, 12.90 per cent of them have sold in regulated markets and 3.23 per cent have sold through contract marketing arrangements. The results indicated that 112.90 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transport, 12.90 per cent have used cart and 6.45 per cent have used truck. The results indicated that, 96.77 per cent used fire wood and another 3.23 per cent of the households used LPG. 4 The results indicated that, bore well was the major source of drinking water for 80.65 per cent of the households, open well was the source of drinking water for 16.13 per cent of the households and piped supply was the source of drinking water for 3.23 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, Electricity was the major source of light for all the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 35.48 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet i.e. 100 per cent of marginal, 9.09 per cent of small, 100 per cent of semi medium, 50 per cent of medium farmers and 100 per cent of large farmers had sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 96.77 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL card and 3.23 per cent of the households did not possess PDS card. The results indicated that, 67.74 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme which included 100 per cent of the landless, 55.56 percent of the marginal, 55.56 per cent of the small, 75 per cent of the semi medium, 100 percent of the medium and 100 per cent of the large farmers. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 93.55 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 32.26 per cent, oilseeds were adequate for 48.39 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 54.84 per cent, milk was adequate for 51.61 per cent, eggs were adequate for 41.94 per cent and meat was adequate for 29.03 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, oilseeds were market surplus for 6.45 per cent of the households, eggs were market surplus for 3.23 per cent and meat was market surplus for 6.45 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, wild animal menace on farm field was the constraint experienced by 70.97 per cent of the households, frequent incidence of pest and diseases (32.26%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (22.58%), low price for the agricultural commodities (6.45%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (16.13%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (6.45%), less rainfall (100%) and source of Agri–technology information (News paper/TV/Mobile) (9.68%). Not Available |
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Date |
2021-07-25T01:41:52Z
2021-07-25T01:41:52Z 2019-12-31 |
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Type |
Project Report
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Identifier |
Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Vana Ballary-1 (4D3A9A2b) Microwatershed, Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ. 250, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.153 & 33.
Not Available http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/50010 |
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Language |
English
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Relation |
250;
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Publisher |
ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project)
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