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LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SIDAGANAHALLI-4 (4D4A1R1a) MICRO WATERSHED Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka

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Title LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SIDAGANAHALLI-4 (4D4A1R1a) MICRO WATERSHED Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka
Not Available
 
Creator Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh
 
Subject Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project
 
Description Not Available
The land resource inventory of Sidaganhalli-4 microwatershed was conducted
using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour
composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic
delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several
transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units.
Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate
the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent,
characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the
microwatershed.
The present study covers an area of 531 ha in Koppal taluk and district,
Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average
annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west
monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year.
An area of 99 per cent is covered by soils and one per cent is by habitation. The salient
findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below.
 The soils belong to 14 soil series and 28 soil phases (management units) and 7 Land
management units.
 The length of crop growing period is 150 cm).
 About 31 per cent area has loamy soils and 65 per cent area has clay soils.
 About 18 per cent area has non-gravelly (57
kg/ha) in available phosphorus.
 About 17 per cent area is low (337 kg/ha) in available potassium.
 About 2 per cent medium (10-20 ppm) and 94 per cent high (>20 ppm) in available
sulphur.
 Available boron is low (1.0 ppm) in 32 per cent area.
 Available iron sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire area.
 Available zinc is sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in the entire area.
 Available copper and manganese are sufficient in all the soils.
 The land suitability for 28 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed
and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given
below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but
what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity
to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the
demand and supply position.
Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed
Crop
Suitability
Area in ha (%)
Crop
Suitability
Area in ha (%)
Highly
suitable
(S1)
Moderately
suitable
(S2)
Highly
suitable
(S1)
Moderately
suitable
(S2)
Sorghum
7 (1) 300 (57)
Pomegranate 2 321 (61)
Maize 2 306 (58) Guava 2 271 (51)
Bajra 131 (25) 278 (52) Jackfruit 2 271 (51)
Groundnut 131 (25) 226 (43) Jamun - 309 (58)
Sunflower 7 (1) 246 (46) Musambi 7 (1) 302 (57)
Cotton 6 (1) 289 (54) Lime 7 (1) 302 (57)
Red gram 2 239 (45) Cashew - 171 (32)
Bengalgram 38 (7) 288 (54) Custard apple 137 (26) 363 (68)
Chilli 2 261 (49) Amla 137 (26) 363 (68)
Tomato 2 261 (49) Tamarind - 223 (42)
Drumstick 2 328 (62) Marigold 2 306 (58)
Mulberry 117 (22) 302 (57) Chrysanthemum 2 306 (58)
Mango - 187 (35) Jasmine 2 255 (48)
Sapota 2 271 (51) Crossandra 2 242 (46)
Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared
for the 7 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands
for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture
crops.
 Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land
resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For
this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested for these problematic soils
like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc.,
 Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in
identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required.
 As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be
planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks,
mounds and ridges. That would help in supplementing the farm income, provide
fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining
the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
 The survey was conducted in Sidganhalli-4 micro-watershed is located at
15032’39.975’’ to 150 31’16.547’’North and 760 15’ 9.616’’ to 76013’41.174’’ East
covering an area of about 448.03 ha coming Chilakamukki village of Koppal taluk.
 Socio-economic analysis indicated that, out of the total sample of 35 respondents 5
(14.29%) were landless, 7 (20 %) were marginal, 10 (28.57%) were small farmers,
6 (17.14%) were semi medium farmers and 7 (20%) medium farmers.
 The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 94
(59.87%) men and 63 (40.13%) women among the sampled households. The
average family size of landless farmers’ was 4, marginal farmers’ was 4.4, small
farmers’ was 3.7, semi medium farmers’ was 5.1 and medium farmers were 5. 4.
 Majority of the respondents 40 (23.12%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 67
(38.73%) were in 16-35 years of age36 (22.93%) people were in 0-15 years of age,
63 (40.13%) were in 16-35 years of age, 42 (26.75%) were in 36-60 years of age
and 16 (10.19%) were above 61 years of age.
 Education level of the sample households indicated that, majority there were 37.58
per cent illiterates, 28.66 per cent of them had primary school, 3.18 per cent of
them had Middle school education, 10.19 per cent of them had high school, 11.46
per cent of them had PUC, 0.64 per cent of them had diploma and ITI, 3.82 per cent
of them had degree and 1.27 per cent of them had masters education.
 About, 31.43 per cent of household heads were practicing agriculture and 62.86 per
cent of the household heads were agricultural laborers.
 Agriculture was the major occupation for 28.66 per cent of the household members,
36.94 per cent were agricultural laborers, 1.91 per cent was private service, 29.3
per cent student and 2.55 per cent were children.
 The household possess, 0.64 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has
participated in self help group and 99.36 per cent of the population in the micro
watershed has not participated in local institutions.
 In the study area, 71.43 per cent of the households possess katcha house.
 The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 68.57 per cent of the
households possess TV, 17.14 per cent of the households possess mixer/grinder,
5.71 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 45.71 per cent of the household’s
posses motor cycle, 2.86 per cent of the households possess tempo and landline
phone and 91.43 per cent of the households possess mobile phones.
 Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 2.86 per cent each of the
households possess bullock cart, 5.71 per cent each of the households possess
plough and sprayer, 8.57 per cent of the households possess sprinkler, 28.57 per
cent of the households possess weeder and 17.14 per cent of the households possess
Harvester.
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 Regarding livestock possession by the households, 17.14 per cent of the households
possess bullocks, 2.86 per cent of the households possess crossbreed cow and
buffalo.
 The average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.59, average
own labour (women) available was 4.76, average hired labour (men) available was
9.03 and average hired labour (women) available was 7.83.
 Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 12.44 ha (24.86%) of dry
land and 37.62 ha (75.14%) of irrigated land.
 Marginal farmers possess 3.74 ha (80.09%) of dry land and 0.93 ha (19.91%) of
irrigated land.
 Small farmers possess 8.7 ha (72.15%) of dry land and 3.36 ha (27.85%) of
irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 8.64 ha (100%) of irrigated land.
 Medium farmers possess 24.69 ha (100%) of irrigated land.
 There were 18 functioning and 10 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed.
Bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 54.29 per
cent of the farmers.
 The major crops have grown maize (27.29 ha), bajra (8.54 ha) groundnut (8.09 ha),
sajje (0.81 ha), chilly, paddy, tomato and watermelon (0.4 ha). The cropping
intensity in Sidganhalli-4 Micro-watershed was found to be 60.74 per cent.
 The per hectare cost of cultivation for Maize, paddy groundnut, chilly, Bajra and
Tomato was Rs. 34059.21, 94011.08, 40626.26, 71551.81, 30854.22 and 65441.56
with benefit cost ratio of 1:1.22, 1:1.36, 1:1.97, 1:3.18, 1:0.95 and 1:0.6
respectively.
 Further, 20 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder and green fodder was
adequate.
 The average annual gross income was Rs. 15,800 for landless, for marginal farmers
it was Rs. 55,285.71, for small farmers it was Rs. 70,700, semi medium farmers it
was Rs. 170,000 and medium farmers it was Rs. 195,714.29.
 The average annual expenditure is Rs. 24,350.88. For landless it was Rs. 2,040, for
marginal farmers it was Rs. 6,102.04, for small farmers it was Rs. 4,470, for semi
medium farmers it was Rs. 97,111.11 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 24,571.43.
 Sampled households have planted 49 coconut and 3 mango trees in their field to
cultivate horticultural crops.
 Households have planted 13 1 teak and 57 neem trees in their field to cultivate
forest species.
 Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 2,228.57 for land
development, Rs. 428.57 for irrigation facility, Rs. 1,628.57 for improved crop
production and Rs.1, 771.43 for improved livestock management.
 Source of funds for additional investment is concerned; loan from bank was the
source of additional investment for 22.86 per cent for land development, 2.86 per
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cent for irrigation facility and 2.86 per cent for improved crop production and
improved livestock management.
 Own funds were the source of additional investment for 8.57 per cent for land
development and 5.71 per cent for improved crop production and improved
livestock management.
 Regarding marketing channels, 11.43 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to
agent/traders, 102.86 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to local/village
merchant and 5.71 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated market.
 Further, 117.14 per cent of the households have used tractor and 2.86 per cent of
the households used truck as a mode of transportation.
 Majority of the households 54.29 per cent have incidence of soil and water erosion
problems.
 The household possess, (54.29 %) were interested towards soil testing.
 The households possess 88.57 per cent of the households used fire wood and 11.43
per cent of the household’s LPG as a source of fuel.
 Piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 68.57 per cent, 28.57 per
cent of the households used bore well and 2.86 per cent of the households used
lake/tank well in the micro watershed.
 Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households.
 In the study area, 40 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility.
 Regarding possession of PDS card, 97.14 per cent of the sampled households
possessed BPL cards and 2.86 per cent of the households possessed had no PDS
cards.
 Cereals were adequate for 100 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for
74.29 per cent, oilseeds were adequate for 11.43 per cent, vegetables were
adequate for 88.57 per cent, fruits were adequate for 2.86 per cent, milk and egg
were adequate for 97.14 per cent and meat were adequate for 91.43 per cent of the
households.
 Pulses were inadequate for 25.71 per cent of the households, oilseed were
inadequate for 80 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 11.43 per cent, fruits
were inadequate for 71.43 per cent, milk were inadequate for 2.86 per cent, and
meat were inadequate for 5.71 per cent of the households.
 Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were
lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint experienced by 62.86 per cent of
the households, wild animal menace on farm field (45.71%), frequent incidence of
pest and diseases (40%), Inadequacy of irrigation water (25.71 %), high cost of
fertilizer and plant protection chemicals (65.71%), high rate of interest on credit
(31.43%), Low price for the agricultural commodities (48.57%), lack of marketing
facilities in the area (54.29%), inadequate extension service (2.86%), Lack of
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transport for safe transport of the Agril produce to the market (8.57%), less rainfall
(28.57%) and Source of Agri-technology information (2.86%).
Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project
 
Date 2021-07-25T01:46:02Z
2021-07-25T01:46:02Z
2019-12-31
 
Type Project Report
 
Identifier Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Sidaganahalli-4 (4D4A1R1a) Microwatershed, Irakallagada Hobli, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ. 297 ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.141 & 33.
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/50018
 
Language English
 
Relation 297;
 
Publisher ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project)