Use of Biochar for Soil Health Enhancement and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in India: Potential and Constraints
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Title |
Use of Biochar for Soil Health Enhancement and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in India: Potential and Constraints
Use of Biochar for Soil Health Enhancement and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in India: Potential and Constraints |
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Creator |
NICRA
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Subject |
tamarind shell, mustard husk, coffee husk, cassava peels etc
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Description |
Not Available
Agricultural waste is usually handled as a liability, often because the means to transform it into an asset is lacking. Crop residues in fields can cause considerable crop management problems as they accumulate. The major crop residues produced in India are straws of paddy, wheat, millet, sorghum, pulses (pigeonpea), oilseed crops (castor, mustrad), maize stover and cobs, cotton and jute sticks, sugarcane trash, leaves, fibrous materials, roots, branches and twigs of varying sizes, shapes, forms and densities. Similarly, the agro-industrial residues are rice husk, groundnut shell, cotton waste, coconut shell, coir pith, tamarind shell, mustard husk, coffee husk, cassava peels etc. Some of the common agricultural by-products available in large quantities include bagasse, rice husk, groundnut shell, tea waste, casuarina leaf litter, silk cotton shell, cotton waste, oil palm fibre and shells, cashew nut shell, coconut shell, coir pith etc. (Sugumaran and Sheshadri, 2009). In India, about 435.98 million tons of agro-residues are produced every year, out of which 313.62 million tons are surplus. These residues are either partially utilized or un-utilized due to various constraints (Murali et al., 2010). Similarly, using different residue to produce ratio values, Koopmans and Koppejan (1997) estimated that about 507,837 thousand tons of field crop residues were generated in India during 1997 of which 43% was rice and 23% wheat. The estimates from Streets et al. (2003) reveal that 16% of total crop residues were burnt. The results from Venkataraman et al. (2006) suggest that 116 million tons of crop residues were burnt in India in 2001, but with a strong regional variation (Gupta, 2010). The current availability of biomass in India (2010-2011) is estimated at about 500 million tons/year. Studies sponsored by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India have estimated surplus biomass availability at about 120–150 million tons/ annum (Table 1; MNRE, 2009). Of this, about 93 million tons of crop residues are burned in each year (Table 1; IARI 2012). Generation of crop residues is highest in Uttar Pradesh (60 million t) followed by Punjab (51 million t) and Maharashtra (46 million t). Maharashtra contributes maximum to the generation of residues of pulses (3 million t) while residues from fibre crop is dominant in Andhra Pradesh (14 million t). Gujarat and Rajasthan generate about 6 million t each of residues from oilseed crops. Not Available |
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Date |
2021-07-20T09:43:18Z
2021-07-20T09:43:18Z 2013-06-14 |
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Type |
Technical Report
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Identifier |
Not Available
Not Available http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/49192 |
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Language |
English
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Relation |
Not Available;
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Publisher |
NICRA
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