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User Manual for Surface Water Yield Model (SWYMOD)

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Title User Manual for Surface Water Yield Model (SWYMOD)
User Manual for Surface Water Yield Model (SWYMOD)
 
Creator NICRA
 
Subject micro watershed, hydrologic group of soil, curve number
 
Description Not Available
Land and water are the two critical natural resources that influence the
agricultural production and productivity in all production systems of the
countores. The primary source to all water resources is rainfall which is stochastic
in nature. The rainfall in any given region is not uniformly distributed over space
and time. The high rainfall areas with annual rainfall > 1125 mm experience
floods and erosion hazards in agricultural land which is of prime concern for
agricultural production and environmental protection. It has been estimated
that 50-60% of rainfall goes as run off carrying away 16 tha-1 of top soil annually.
This results in reduction in water storage capacity of soils leading to soil moisture
deficits affecting crop growth. It also causes siltation of reservoirs (Singh, 1990)
reducing their storage capacity and active life.
In other areas receiving low to medium rainfall, erratic distribution causes high
rainfall events leading to surplus run-off and prolonged dry spells for standing
crops. All these factors call for control of surface run-off and water conservation.
A combination of agronomic and engineering measures reduce the runoff and
soil erosion, but complete control of runoff by absorption in to soil profile is not
possible under tropical climate, in view of the tropical rainfall distribution. The
next best alternative to manage the inevitable runoff by storing in dug out ponds,
popularly known as farm ponds.
Since runoff is a natural stochastic event, development and use of hydrologic
models have become important tools, as wide spread monitoring of rainfallrunoff phenomenon across the length and breadth of the country is laborious,
expensive and time consuming. A major objective of using such models is to
scientifically estimate the water yield of the watersheds so that an appropriate
strategy is evolved to harness this water. The flow of any stream is determined
by two different factors. One is climate, mainly precipitation and the other is
the physical characteristics of the drainage basin. The rate and amount of water
yield depends on amount of rainfall, its intensity, the physical properties of the
soils and shape, size and drainage pattern of the watershed.
Not Available
 
Date 2021-07-20T09:42:42Z
2021-07-20T09:42:42Z
2012-10-17
 
Type Technical Report
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/49189
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher NICRA