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Microbial Bioagents in Agriculture: Current Status and Prospects

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Title Microbial Bioagents in Agriculture: Current Status and Prospects
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Creator A. N. Tripathi, B. R. Meena, K. K. Pandey, and J. Singh
 
Subject stress
 
Description Not Available
Bioagents are widely used in agri-horticultural ecosystem as plant protectants
which have profound impact on plant community through enhancing plant
growth, biotic and abiotic tolerance to host. Biological control is the way of controlling of plant disease by the application of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, and
viruses (bacteriophages). It has been estimated that rupees 60,000 crores worth
of crop are lost each year due to plant diseases. The degree of plant disease control/disease suppression achieved with biological agents can be comparable to
that achieved with chemicals. In India, the maximum crop protectants used are
insecticides (65%), herbicides (15%), fungicides (15%), and rodenticides or
nematocides (4%) but at global level herbicides (45%) are used more followed
by fungicides (27%), insecticides (15%), and other chemicals (7%). India is one
of the fourth largest producers of pesticides (1,39,000 tonnes/annum) in the
world after the USA, Japan, and China. As per estimates, Indian bioagents market is equivalent to 2.5% of total pesticides market with worth of rupees 690
crores. Indiscriminate and non-judicious use of synthetic pesticide for preventing
and controlling crop diseases adversely affects the environment, microbiome,
development of resistance, and hormoligosis in several plant pathogens and also
acts as serious non-tariff barrier to trade of farm commodities.
Among agriculturally important microbes Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum,
Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis are most efficient antagonistic
bioagents of plant diseases, producers of biologically active metabolites, elicitors and inducers of systemic resistance. Better understanding of the application
of genomics and genetic modification techniques opened new doors for multifaceted traits enhancement in strain of bioagents. The knowledge of the diversity
spectrum and genetic structure of microbial population has direct implication in
development of formulations of potential bioagents. Formulations of bioagents are commercially available in the form of 1–5% WP followed by 5–10% G and
10–20% EC for agricultural applications. Trichoderma and Pseudomonas based
generic plant protection products are commercially available in India, but very
few of them are label claimed for use in various crops by Central Insecticide
Board and Registration Committee.
No doubt, biocontrol production technology has promising and gained good
success but still there are key researchable gaps on understanding of taxonomy,
isolation, and screening strategies of effective biocontrol agents, mechanistic
basis of colonization, tripertite interactions with plant/crop and/or pathogen, and
ecological implementation of biocontrol strategies and how they work need to be
addressed. In conclusion, the farmers interested on healthy crop yield rather than
diseases in this context should better focus on bioagents mediated improved performance on plant health management. In this chapter, we would attempt to present an overview of the “Current status—strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats of bioagents” controlling of plant diseases.
Not Available
 
Date 2020-08-20T10:10:59Z
2020-08-20T10:10:59Z
2020-02-01
 
Type Book chapter
 
Identifier A. N. Tripathi, B. R. Meena, K. K. Pandey, and J. Singh (2020) Microbial Bioagents in Agriculture: Current Status and Prospects In New Frontiers in Stress Management for Durable Agriculture Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. Pages-331-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1322-0
978-981-15-1321-3
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/39841
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Springer