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Breeding for low phytic acid maize – status and prospects

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Title Breeding for low phytic acid maize – status and prospects
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Creator Chikkappa G Karjagi
Alla Singh
Ramesh Kumar
Shyam Bir Singh
Yathish KR
Abhijit Kumar Das
Sunil Neelam
Shivraj Singh Gangoliya
Arun Kumar
Ujjwal Kapoor
Hemant Kumar Yadav
Shraddha Srivastava
Sujay Rakshit
 
Subject Phytic Acid, Maize
 
Description Not Available
Seed biomineralization is an important biochemical process by which the
mature seeds reserve some of the essential macro􀀐 and micronutrients required
during germination. One of the most widely studied seed biomineralization process
is the storage of seed phosphorous (P) and other important cations namely calcium
(Ca), potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe)and Zinc (Zn) in
phytate or phytic acid (PA) salts. The seed biomineralization is provide essential
micro- and macronutrients to germinating seeds through their mobilization; most the
above mentioned mineral elements act as an important co factor in several metabolic
processes; either directly or indirectly determine the function or efficiency of several
enzymes which catalyze several biochemical processes. However, sometimes the
level of such reserves in some of the crops like maize, soybean, barley, wheat and
many other crops are so high that the level is not only well above the requirement by
the germinating seeds but also affects the bioavailability of such nutrients in animals
which depend on these crops for their dietary nutritional requirement. In this context,
PA has been termed rightly as an anti-nutritional factor and it is an important challenge
to reduce its level without compromising the overall germination and vigour of the
seedlings in different crop species.
The distribution of the phytate and other essential mineral elements in
different parts of the seeds especially in cereals were studies (O’Dell et al. 1972). The
results suggested that >80% of the total phosphorous is stored in the form of PA. The
distribution of PA among different parts of the seeds has shown that approximately
80􀀐90% of the PA is stored in germ (maize) or pericarp (rice) or aleurone layer
(wheat); differential storage organ depending upon the type of grain or crop. Raboy et
al (1990) for the first time in maize surveyed the level of PA in different maize
mutants. The study on different mutations has gave an opportunity to explore for
breeding for low phytic acid in maize as the study has indicated that the mutants
which affect the embryo reduced the PA substantially without reducing the total P;
the corresponding increase in the inorganic phosphorous (Pi) was observed. In maize,
several mutant alleles in three different gene(s) namely lpa1, lpa2and lpa3 which
affect three important critical steps in PA biosynthesis namely PA transportation,
insositol phosphate kinases (IPK) or myo􀀐insositol kinases (MIK) have been
identified (Raboy et al. 2000 and Shi et al. 2005).
The first effort to transfer of LPA mutant lpa1-1 into different genetic
background mainly the elite lines of hybrids was attempted as early as 1998. Several
near-isogenic lines (NILs) by transferring lpa1-1 have been developed and isohybrids using such NILSs have also been developed. The performances of such resultant
isohybrid were evaluated for various agronomic and different yield component traits
across multiple locations. The results had shown that the hybrids have showed
normal growth and development from germination to harvesting. The hybrids have
shown good stalk strength/ standability and also comparable traits for flowering and
other yield contributing traits. (Ertl et al. 1998, Raboy, 2002). In recent years, the
availability of molecular markers linked to gene(s) determining low phytic acid traits
has facilitated breeders to mobilize such mutant alleles across different genetic
background through marker-assisted selection (MAS). In case of maize, few elite
inbred lines are converted by transferring LPA mutants like lpa1􀀐1 (Naidoo et al.
2012), lpa2􀀐2 (Tamilkumar et al. 2014, Sureshkumar et al. 2014a, 2014b). However,
the low phytic hybrids have as yet not released in India commercial cultivation.
Presently in India, several hybrids are under pipeline with low􀀐phytic acid
mutant alleles which are at various developmental stages. The hybrids are being
developed through marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB).
Not Available
 
Date 2021-01-25T09:32:02Z
2021-01-25T09:32:02Z
2020-02-09
 
Type Proceedings
 
Identifier Not Available
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/45042
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Not Available