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Genetic Improvement of Maize in India: Retrospect and Prospects

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Title Genetic Improvement of Maize in India: Retrospect and Prospects
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Creator O. P. Yadav • Firoz Hossain • C. G. Karjagi • B. Kumar • P. H. Zaidi • S. L. Jat • J. S. Chawla • J. Kaul • K. S. Hooda • P. Kumar • P. Yadava • B. S. Dhillon
 
Subject Maize production Breeding priorities Hybrids Disease resistance Insect resistance Drought tolerance Cold tolerance Abiotic stress tolerance Water logging Nutritional security Genetic improvement Germplasm Specialty corn Quality seed production
 
Description Not Available
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important crop of country after rice and wheat and is cultivated round the
year. Its grain is used as feed, food and industrial raw material. Enormous progress has been made during last six decades to
enhance yield potential through genetic improvement and alleviate effects due to various biotic- and abiotic-stresses. This
review presents an overview of strategies followed in genetic improvement of maize and assesses their impact on productivity
and production of the crop. A diverse range of indigenous and exotic germplasm and breeding material have been utilized.
Breeding programme has been very vibrant and various strategies viz., composite breeding, double cross, three way cross and
single-cross hybrid breeding have been adopted in cultivar development to enhance productivity across a range of production
ecologies. Since 2000, more than 165 high-yielding cultivars of different maturity periods and types [field corn, sweet corn,
baby corn and quality protein maize] having adaptation to different agro-ecological zones have been released. Development
of cultivars having tolerance to abiotic-stresses (water and temperature extremes) and resistance to diseases has been a priority
area in maize improvement. Both conventional and molecular approaches have been and continue to be used in development
of disease resistant, stress adapted and nutritionally superior cultivars. In order to realize full potential of improved cultivars,
agronomic research has targeted several management interventions like plant density, mineral fertilization, water management,
resource conservation and various maize-based cropping systems across different ecologies. Improved products have
been delivered to farmers by both public and private sectors involved in maize seed production and distribution. As a result,
area under improved cultivars has been increasing consistently, and currently approximately 65 % of maize area is under
improved cultivars (mostly hybrids). Adoption of high-yielding cultivars, improved production technology and increased
demand of maize resulted in increased production (from 1.7 to 24.4 million ton) and productivity (from 547 to 2583 kg/ha)
from 1950–1951 to 2013–2014. Future prospects of maize cultivation and improvement strategies in context of climate
change and in providing nutritional security are also discussed in this review.
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Date 2021-11-17T08:21:36Z
2021-11-17T08:21:36Z
1001-01-01
 
Type Review Paper
 
Identifier Not Available
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http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/67511
 
Language English
 
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Publisher Not Available