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Water footprints of cities indicators for sustainable consumption and production

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Title Water footprints of cities indicators for sustainable consumption and production
 
Creator Hoff, H.
Döll, P.
Fader, M.
Gerten, D.
Hauser, S.
Siebert, S.
 
Subject virtual water
production
consumption
 
Description Water footprints have been proposed as sustainabilityindicators, relating the consumption of goods likefood to the amount of water necessary for their productionand the impacts of that water use in the source regions. Wefurther developed the existing water footprint methodology,by globally resolving virtual water flows from production toconsumption regions for major food crops at 5 arcmin spatialresolution. We distinguished domestic and internationalflows, and assessed local impacts of export production. Applyingthis method to three exemplary cities, Berlin, Delhiand Lagos, we find major differences in amounts, composition,and origin of green and blue virtual water imports,due to differences in diets, trade integration and crop waterproductivities in the source regions. While almost all ofDelhi’s and Lagos’ virtual water imports are of domestic origin,Berlin on average imports from more than 4000 km distance,in particular soy (livestock feed), coffee and cocoa.While 42% of Delhi’s virtual water imports are blue waterbased, the fractions for Berlin and Lagos are 2 and 0.5 %, respectively,roughly equal to the water volumes abstracted inthese two cities for domestic water use. Some of the externalsource regions of Berlin’s virtual water imports appear tobe critically water scarce and/or food insecure. However, forderiving recommendations on sustainable consumption andtrade, further analysis of context-specific costs and benefitsassociated with export production will be required.
 
Date 2014
2016-07-04T08:15:18Z
2016-07-04T08:15:18Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Hoff, H., Döll, P., Fader, M., Gerten, D., Hauser, S. & Siebert, S. (2014). Water footprints of cities–indicators for sustainable consumption and production. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(1), 213-226.
1027-5606
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/75900
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-213-2014
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-3.0
Open Access
 
Format 213-226
application/pdf
 
Source Hydrology and Earth System Sciences