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Safflower Improvement: Conventional Breeding and Biotechnological Approach

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Title Safflower Improvement: Conventional Breeding and Biotechnological Approach
 
Creator Suma S. Biradar
Mahalaxmi K. Patil
V. Rudra Naik
N. Mukta
N. K. Nayidu
S. A. Desai
 
Subject Safflower Breeding
Conventional approach
Biotechnological approach
 
Description Not Available
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of humanity’s oldest oilseed crops, although it is a minor crop with limited distribution due to environmental factors and the crop’s spiny nature. In India, the crop has traditionally been produced in combinations with other “rabi” crops such as wheat and sorghum during the “rabi” or winter dry season. It is a self-pollinated crop with 5–40% outcrossing due to the action of numerous insects, primarily honeybees. It’s mostly utilized in the production of vegetable oil, animal feed, biofuel, plant-based pharmaceuticals, and industrial oil. The crop was traditionally grown for its flowers, which were used to color and flavor dishes, as well as make dyes (particularly before cheaper aniline dyes became accessible) and medicines. Lower oil content and seed yield, insect pest susceptibility, and disease resistance are all characteristics that reduce safflower production and quality, contributing to its underutilized status.
The limited genetic diversity of local and traditional varieties necessitates collecting accessions from all over the world to explore the genetic diversity of the available germplasm. These collections will provide information that will improve future safflower conservation and utilization. Genetic diversity in breeding lines and cultivars among global germplasm and main centres of origin must be characterized in order to develop effective breeding strategies. Cultivar improvement ought to have played a role in the enhanced yield levels. Nonetheless, oil content remained fairly consistent, ranging between 28% and 30%, with only a few cultivars attaining an average of 35% oil. In recent years, several countries’ research efforts have mostly concentrated on increasing seed or oil yield. Pure line selection is the most often employed breeding approach for cultivar development in India when it comes to safflower improvement. This is shown by the fact that local selection has resulted in the development of more than 17 varieties for commercial production in the country. Through both genetic and cytoplasmic male sterility systems, hybrid vigor has been commercially exploited for the production of hybrids in safflower. Now there is shift in objectives in development of non-spiny cultivars which can address the problem of operational costs. In recent years, biotechnological methods have played a supporting role in safflower breeding. However, because safflower is an “orphan” of the genomics revolution, breeding efforts have been impeded by a lack of molecular tools that might otherwise allow for faster development. However, in recent years, this scenario has begun to shift. Safflower research is dispersed, and there is an urgent need to concentrate on the crop’s untapped potential. The diverse floral and physiological features, flower yield, pigment content (carthamin, carthamidin, and luteolin), leaf and medicinal components, and antioxidant activity of safflower have not been studied genetically. There have been no studies on proteomics of safflower. Biotechnology can be used to further investigate the medicinal application of safflower for pharmaceutical objectives. For safflower breeding, advances in molecular farming and transcriptome research to identify key genes (e.g., gene incorporation in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant biosynthesis) are recommended. Hence, there is urgency of biotechnological interventions to make cutting-edge breakthrough in case of safflower.
Not Available
 
Date 2023-01-10T08:59:20Z
2023-01-10T08:59:20Z
2022-01-31
 
Type Book chapter
 
Identifier Suma S. Biradar, Mahalaxmi K. Patil, V. Rudra Naik, N. Mukta, N. K. Nayidu, S. A. Desai. 2022. Safflower Improvement: Conventional Breeding and Biotechnological Approach In: Accelerated Plant Breeding (Ed. Satbir Singh Gosal, Shabir Hussain Wani) Volume 4 pp 279-312 Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81107-5
978-3-030-81107-5 (eBook)
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/75525
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Springer Nature